| Tourist flow and tourism destination have always been hot and core issues in the tourism research.But they are often separately studied by scholars,namely studying one single element of tourism system more than the interaction between subsystems,especially the research of relationship between tourist flow and destination systems scarcely studied.In addition,the current destination managers have failed to understand the situation of supply and demand on the local tourism.It is difficult to grasp the primary and secondary relations of tourism system elements,resulting in blindly marketing by subjective experience or following suit on tourism investment phenomenon.So the reasonable evaluation of supply and demand relationship in tourism and effective identifying of dominant element in coupling tourism system are to be urgently solved.Based on supply and demand theory,and through establishment of system coupling coordination evaluation index system and evaluation model,this research empirically studies the coupling relationship between inbound tourist flow and destination systems in typical cities,and uses the gray associative model and structural equation model,analyzes the dominant influence elements of coupling relationship between the two systems on the macro and micro level.In theory,this research provides a new perspective for interactive relationship study between tourist flow and tourism destination systems,promotes the development of tourist flow research,and expands the research field of tourism geography and tourism management.In practice,this research provides a scientific evaluation method of understanding tourism supply and demand balance for destination managers,and indicates the directions for the formulation of tourism development strategy.This research relies on the National Natural Science Foundation of China[The Tourist Flow and Destination Coupling:A Study on Factors,Models and Mechanism—A Case Study of Six Major Cities Inbound Tourism(NO.41271158)].The dissertation combining multi-disciplinary scientific theories and knowledge such as tourism geography,urban geography,economics,management science,statistics,choosing Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Xi'an,Chengdu,Kunming six typical tourist cities as cases,taking the coupling relationship between tourist flow and destination as research object,based on nearly 20 years authoritative statistics and 3694 copies sampling survey data of inbound tourists in six cities,by using multi-statistical analysis software such as Excel,SPSS,AMOS,applying document analysis,theoretical qualitative analysis,tourists market surveys,mathematical model constructed,gray associative analysis,the mean comparative analysis,ANOVA,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis,empirically analyzes the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree and its temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of the two systems in six cities,and examines the coupling contribution degree of system elements on both macro and micro levels.The main conclusions of the research as follow:Firstly,from the perspective of tourism supply and demand interaction,the dissertation builds a new coupling coordination evaluation index system and evaluation model of inbound tourist flow and destination systems.On the basis of previous studies,mainly from the volume of tourist flow,the volume of funds flow,the velocity and quality of tourist flow this 4 domain layer elements,dividing into 9 criteria layer elements and 16 specific evaluation indexes,the dissertation evaluates the inbound tourist flow system.And mainly from the core tourist attraction,tourism service facility and personnel,infrastructure,natural environment,economic environment and social environment altogether 6 domain layer elements,dividing into 22 criteria layer elements and 59 specific evaluation indexes,the dissertation evaluates the destination system.Compared with the previous studies,the evaluation index system is more comprehensive and more accuracy of describing the harmonious development.Secondly,from the perspective of empirical analysis,there are significantly different temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of coupling coordination development in six major cities.The advance developed system of six major cities gradually changes from the inbound tourist flow system to the destination system in recent twenty years,and supply and demand situation of inbound tourism gradually changes from strong demand to lag demand.From the view of time sequence evolution,the mainstream trend is on the rise of the coupling coordinate of the two systems,coupling coordination grade of the three eastern cities present "five years cyclical rise",while the three western cities show manifest wandering and stagnation trend.From the view of spatial differences,coupling coordination degrees of six cities show the obvious spatial pattern of "East High West Low",the spatial difference of coupling coordination degrees of six cities show gradual expansion trend.Tourist flow scale level is the dominant factor of coupling coordination degrees difference of two systems.Destination role position in the inbound tourist flow network of overall country,and even the city's own function and status,have far-reaching impact on the coupling relationship status and the coupling coordination degrees of the two systems.Thirdly,from the perspective of macro system,the velocity and quality of tourist flow are the largest contribution elements of the inbound tourist flow system to coupling relationship of two systems,while tourism service facility and personnel as well as destination economic environment are the largest contribution elements of the destination system.Coupling contribution degree rank features of the two system internal elements are:in the inbound tourism flow system aspect,the velocity of tourist flow>the volume of tourist flow>the volume of funds flow>the quality of tourist flow;in the destination system aspect,tourism service facility and personnel>economic environment>infrastructure>core tourist attraction>social environment>natural environment.Coupling contribution degree differentiation characteristics of inbound tourist flow system elements in six cities are obvious:the differentiation ofcoupling dominant elements in eastern cities is obvious,while the coupling dominant elements in western cities are similar.Coupling contribution degree differentiation characteristics of destination system elements in six cities are also obvious:the natural,economic and social environment have higher contribution to system coupling in eastern cities,while tourism service facility and personnel and infrastructure have higher contribution in western cities.Fourthly,from the perspective of micro tourist perception,urban economic environment and tourism services and facilities are the largest contribution elements to the coupling evaluation.This finding confirms the study result on macro system level,and indicates that the coupling contribution degrees of destination system elements on both macro and micro levels are high consistent.From the micro perception of inbound tourists,the typical urban destination system coupling elements include eight dimensions.The ranking of these elements' coupling contribution degree is:economic environment>tourism services&facilities>tourist information&marketing>tourism safety>urban tourism transportation>landscape resources>humanities festival>urban natural environment,and also showing the differentiation rule that urban economic environment and tourism services and facilities have the largest coupling contribution degree.The empirical results on macro and micro levels can confirm each other,which indicate that the coupling contribution degrees of destination system elements on both macro and micro levels are high consistent.On micro perspective,the overall pattern of system elements coupling contribution degree of six urban destinations is relatively consistent.There is only partial differentiation of the destination system elements contribution degree in six cities.The innovations of this dissertation are manifested in the following four aspects:Firstly,from the "tourism supply and demand interaction coupling perspective"and "four dimensions and six viewpoints",a new coupling coordination evaluation index system of inbound tourist flow and destination systems is built.Inbound tourist flow system is measured from the four domain layer elements,containing the volume of tourist flow,the volume of funds flow,the velocity and quality of tourist flow,and destination system is measured from the six domain layer elements,containing core tourist attraction,tourism service facility and personnel,infrastructure,natural environment,economic environment and social environment.This evaluation index system is more comprehensive and more accuracy of describing the harmonious development,making up for the shortcomings of rarely involving elements integrated research in previous studies,and also provides a more comprehensive new perspective for tourist flow study.Secondly,from the interaction coupling developed relations between supply and demand of the two systems,the dissertation reveals that inbound tourist flow scale level is a dominant factor of coupling coordination degree difference of two systems.Destination role position in the inbound tourist flow network of overall country,and even the city's own function and status have far-reaching impact on the coupling relationship status and the coupling coordination degree of two systems.The conclusion clearly reveals the sub-system driving reason of two systems' coupling development.Thirdly,from the coupling contribution degree of system elements,the largest coupling contribution degree elements include the volume of tourist flow,the velocity of tourist flow,tourism service facility and personnel,and economic environment.Through the micro level study of inbound tourists,the coupling contribution degree differentiation pattern of destination system elements is confirmed.This laid the foundation for further exploring the coupling mechanism of inbound tourist flow and destination.Fourthly,from research method of tourist flow and destination coupling,the dissertation combines macro with micro,and model analysis with empirical research methods.This method is more suitable for the research topic,and breaks through the situation in the past studies that the system coupling issue only can be researched on macro level.This research synthetically uses the coupling evaluation model,gray associative analysis,structural equation model and other research methods,and combines macro analysis with micro analysis.This comprehensive complex study path ensures that the findings can confirm each other on different levels,and more reliability and accuracy.Limitations of this research are manifested in three aspects:(1)under time and energy limitation,only six typical cities are selected as case places;(2)coupling contribution degree is revealed only by gray associative model,but it is difficult to respond to the coupling mechanism issue among the elements;(3)The contribution degree of destination system elements on the coupling evaluation is analyzed only by linear relation assuming,but the affection way of each elements on the coupling evaluation that maybe different is not analyzed. |
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