The Research Of Open Innovation For Enterprise Based On Costomer Invovlement

Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for a country’s development,and the soul of an enterprise and one of the main ways to maintain its competitive advantages.At present,the traditional close innovation model has been unable to meet the innovation requirements of the enterprises and the customer’s demand for innovative products.More and more enterprises adopt open innovation model to improve the innovation performance.As the terminal of enterprise value,the knowledge and resources of the customer are of great significance to the new product development and service innovation.Therefore,"customer-centered" open innovationnot has become an important way for enterprises to improve their innovation and maintain their sustainable competitive advantage.However,although many enterprises actively carry out open innovation activities based on customer integration,only a few enterprises succeed.As the scale of customer participation in innovation continues to expand,and the forms and interactive ways of participation in innovation become more complex,enterprises are also facing many problems in the operation and management of these innovative practices.For enterprises,open innovation is a double-edged sword.It not only brings better opportunities for enterprises to improve innovation,but also brings new challenges to enterprises.At present,domestic and foreign scholars have made abundant achievements in the research of open innovation with customer participation.However,the relevant research on effective management of customer participation in innovation activities and how to ensure the effective implementation of customer integration open innovation practice is not mature,and needs further research and exploration by the theoretical circles.In this context,this dissertation attempts to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the enterprise’s open innovation activities based on customer integration from multiple perspectives,providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the smooth implementation of the "customer-centered" open innovation practice.Based on the theories of open innovation,customer participation innovation and customer knowledge management,this dissertation makes an exploratory study on enterprise’s open innovation based on customer integration through theoretical deduction,structural equation model,multi-critera decision-making model,DANP method and PROMETHEE technology,aiming at discussing the process of open innovation based on customer integration and how to implement it successfully from various perspectives.The research is mainly carried out from the following aspects:(1)The research of open innovation process based on customer integrationFrom the perspective of the process of innovation activities,this dissertation discusses the main forms of customer participation in open innovation,as well as the changes of customer roles with the further strengthening of Customer-Enterprise interaction;analyses the key factors of customer participation in innovation,and puts forward the different customer capabilities that are valued in each stage of innovation process;finally,build an open innovation process model of customer integration according to the customer role in open innovation,the enterprise innovation process,customer participation model and so on to.(2)Identify the influencing factors of open innovation based on Customer IntegrationBased on literature research and innovation characteristics,an open innovation influencing factor system for customer integration is constructed from multiple perspectives,and the key factors for successful implementation of open innovation for customer integration are identified and analyzed by DANP method based on the experience data of experts in this field.(3)The mechanism of customer knowledge management on open innovation process and enterprise performanceBased on qualitative research,the theoretical model of "customer knowledge management-open innovation process-enterprise performance" is constructed.The sample data of ICT enterprises are collected by questionnaire survey method.The influence of customer knowledge management on open innovation and enterprise performance is empirically analyzed through structural equation model.(4)Evaluation of open innovation practice of customer integration Based on the open innovation influencing factor index system and index weight of customer integration,a dynamic multi-critera decision making model(MCDM)is constructed.At the same time,three innovation practice activities of M enterprises in China are taken as the research obj ects for empirical analysis.Using PROMETHEE method to find out the best practice activities in the three innovative practices,and introducing the concept of expectation level into the preference function,find out the gap between the three innovative practices and expectation level,and put forward strategic suggestions for enterprises’innovative practices based on customers.This article has the following four innovations:(1)Based on the framework of open innovation value chain,this paper constructs an open innovation process model of customer integration,and excavates the change of roles in different forms of customer participation in innovation and the capability elements that should be possessed in different stages of innovation.Previous research based on the perspective of innovation chain divides innovation process into innovation generation,transformation and diffusion,which is an end-to-end process.Considering the cyclicity of knowledge in open innovation,this paper considers that the process of innovation is dynamic(integrating internal and external resources at any time)and circular development(non-linear).At the same time,an open innovation process model of customer integration is constructed by creatively combining the types of customer participation innovation,role change and customer capability factors.The research of conceptual model can be used to distinguish and further study the types of customer participation in the process of innovation,design the framework of customer participation in the open innovation process,identify the leading customers in the process of innovation,and further analyze and promote the promotion of the open innovation practice of customer participation.(2)Based on the complexity and dynamics of open innovation,this paper constructs the influencing factors system of effective implementation of open innovation process of customer integration from multiple perspectives,discusses the interaction relationship and importance of each factor,and analyses and identifies the key influencing factors of open innovation of customer integrationPrevious studies are mostly based on behavioral theory,resource-based theory and dynamic capability theory.They analyze the driving factors of open innovation performance from a certain point of view or a single indicator,and mostly focus on qualitative research,lacking the support of empirical data.Starting from the characteristics of open innovation,this study constructs an index system of influencing factors based on the customer dimension,internal and external dimension,and situational dimension of participating innovation.In view of that not all factors will greatly affect the development of open innovation activities,this study systematically analyzed the relationship and importance between the dimensions and indicators of influencing factors.The identification of key factors provides theoretical basis and management ideas for the practice of open innovation activities in Chinese enterprises.(3)Combining the role of customer(knowledge)in enterprise innovation and the difficulty of acquiring customer resources and absorbing tacit knowledge in open innovation,this paper reveals the mechanism of customer knowledge management on open innovation process and enterprise performance.Past research affirms that customer knowledge management,as one of the important strategies of enterprises,plays an important role in improving innovation ability and performance of enterprises.However,reviewing and combing the existing literature,it is found that the application of customer knowledge management in the context of open innovation is seldom mentioned,and most of the studies regard customer knowledge management as a process of organizational ability or knowledge integration.The initiative of knowledge support in customer participation in innovation and the interaction of knowledge sharing in co-creation between enterprises and enterprises have not yet been analyzed.This research creatively integrates customer knowledge management,open innovation process and enterprise performance in the same theoretical model,and takes Chinese ICT enterprises as an example to conduct empirical tests to explore the impact of customer knowledge management on resource acquisition,resource integration and interaction mechanism in the process of open innovation,and to further promote enterprise performance through the impact of open innovation process.Rise.The research not only opens up the black box of the influence of customer knowledge management on open innovation,enriches the development of related theories,provides a theoretical model for the theoretical circle,but also provides theoretical reference and practical support for the managers of industry to the customer-oriented open innovation practice.(4)Based on the multi-criteria evaluation model(MCDM),this study pioneered to provide a set of open innovation practice evaluation methods,and through the actual case analysis,to test the scientificity and feasibility of the evaluation method.Aiming at the evaluation and selection of open innovation practices implemented by enterprises at present,a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method is proposed.Based on MCDM model,DANP method and PROMETHEE method are combined to evaluate the order of innovation practice according to the index system and weight.At the same time,the concept of expectation level is introduced into the preference function to identify the gap between innovation practice and expectation level,thus avoiding the problem of"picking a slightly better apple out of a pile of rotten apples".The mixed MCDM method is studied and constructed,which not only improves the traditional decision analysis model,but also provides an operational demonstration for enterprises to deal with multi-level decision-making problems,and provides a scientific decision-making system for management decision-makers in the evaluation and improvement of innovation practice.In thus,through theoretical exploration and empirical research,this study has made a useful exploration for enterprises to successfully implement open innovation activities of customer integration and enhance their competitiveness.The research conclusions can further enrich the research results in related fields and provide targeted guidance for the industry.