Research On The Optimization Of The Organization Mode Of Agricultural Industrialization In China

In the early stage of reform and opening up,the implementation of household contract responsibility system made farmers become the basic production units of agriculture in China.Soon after,China began to shift from planned economy system to market economy system,and the free market transaction of agricultural products was basically realized.These two major reforms have brought about a series of new contradictions while promoting the rapid development of agriculture: firstly,the price fluctuation of agricultural products is intense,the market risk increases,which affects the stable input and development of agriculture;secondly,it is difficult for farmers' agricultural products to enter the large market smoothly;thirdly,the comparative benefit of agriculture is low;fourthly,the structural contradiction of agricultural supply side;fifthly,the structural contradiction between small farmers and modern agriculture.In order to solve these deep-seated contradictions,in practice,various places have launched constant exploration and attempt,and explored some new ideas and ways,the most important and effective one is agricultural industrialization.Agricultural industrialization can overcome its inherent shortcomings while giving full play to the advantages of the household contract responsibility system.It is another major innovation of the agricultural management system and mechanism in China,and has been highly valued by the government.Since the early 1990 s,agricultural industrialization has been implemented in all parts of the country.Some local governments even regard improving the development of agricultural industrialization as a project of political achievements,blindly promoting the organization mode of agricultural industrialization in other areas,ignoring the principles,criteria of selection,and the conditions,scope of application.Although agricultural industrialization has been rapidly promoted,the organization mode of agricultural industrialization is unstable and the performance of agricultural industrialization is not high.One important reason is that the selection of organization mode is unreasonable.The existing problems of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization in China are mainly manifested in two aspects: first,the subjects of agricultural industrialization have not been able to choose reasonable organization modes according to their internal and external conditions and environment;second,the subjects of agricultural industrialization have stuck to the original loose and simple organization modes and have not been able to adjust and optimize the organization modes in time according to the changes of internal and external conditions and environment.The Nineteenth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party put forward the strategy of Rural Revitalization.The basis of Rural Revitalization is industrial revitalization,and the basic way is agricultural industrialization.As the institutional carrier of agricultural industrialization,organization modes affect the behaviors of all parties in agricultural industrialization and the interests of all economic subjects.Therefore,it is the key factor affecting the performance and success of agricultural industrialization.In reality,the selection of organization mode of agricultural industrialization in China is generally unreasonable.We need to optimize and adjust it to a reasonable state as soon as possible in order to improve the performance of agricultural industrialization and promote rural revitalization.However,the theoretical research in this field is very scarce and lagging behind,and it is difficult to provide effective guidance for practice,so it is urgent to strengthen the research in this field.Under this realistic and theoretical background,this paper analyses the existing problems,optimization criteria and constraints in the optimization of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization in practice,and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on this basis.It is helpful to reduce the blind application of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization in practice,respect and support the diversification of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization,and help the subjects of agricultural industrialization to choose pertinent and appropriate modes according to the characteristics of the industry,its internal and external environment and conditions,and relevant complementary institutions,so as to promote the rational selection and optimization of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization.It is also helpful for the subjects of agricultural industrialization to adjust the organization mode in time according to the changes of internal and external environment,formal and informal complementary institutions,and avoid path dependence,so as to realize the dynamic optimization of the selection of organization mode.Therefore,the research of this paper is helpful to improve the performance of agricultural industrialization,promote agricultural efficiency,farmers' income,rural development,the structural reform of agricultural supply side and the integration development of rural industries,and further promote agricultural modernization and rural revitalization.Organization modes of agricultural industrialization are the typical ways in which the relevant subjects carry out agricultural industrialization.They are the institutional carrier of agricultural industrialization,and belong to specific institutional arrangements in the micro-fields.It is appropriate to make a comparative institutional analysis of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization,and the basic ideas of comparative institutional analysis can help to solve the two main problems of agricultural industrialization in China.On the one hand,comparative institutional analysis holds that institutions are complex and diverse,and there is no single most effective or optimal institution.Therefore,it is necessary to recognize and respect the diversity of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization.The organization mode of agricultural industrialization cannot be simply divided into good ones and bad ones;we should support and encourage the diversified development of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization.The organization mode should be chosen according to local conditions,stage of development and the kind of industry.On the other hand,comparative institutional analysis shows that there are complementarities among different economic institutions.Only by effectively coordinating and matching with other institutions can an institution achieve higher performance.And there is a constant interaction between institutions,the internal,external environment of a certain institution and the relevant complementary institutions are constantly changing,so the institution is also evolving.Similarly,as an institutional arrangement,the organization mode of agricultural industrialization is complementary to formal and informal institutions such as rural land institution,rural financial institutions,fiscal and taxation institutions,market supervision institutions,legal institutions,market awareness,contract awareness,legal concept,etc.The optimal organization mode of agricultural industrialization is not fixed,and it should also change with the changes of internal and external conditions,environment and related complementary institutions,in order to achieve dynamic optimization.So it is necessary to optimize the organization mode of agricultural industrialization continuously instead of once and for all.The organization mode of agricultural industrialization includes many types,involving various subjects,and the factors influencing the organization mode are various.Therefore,the optimization of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization is a relatively complex problem.This paper uses a variety of research methods,such as comparative institutional analysis,interdisciplinary research,induction and synthesis,literature research,investigation,typical case analysis,empirical and normative analysis,mathematical model analysis,static and dynamic analysis,etc.This paper is mainly based on the research idea of “putting forward problems — analyzing problems — solving problems”.Specifically,this paper first summarizes and classifies the existing problems of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization in China,and reveals its negative impact,which belongs to the “putting forward problems” link.Secondly,it absorbs the basic ideas and analytical logic of comparative institutional analysis,makes a comprehensive and deep comparison of the institutional characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the main organization modes of agricultural industrialization by using game theory,transaction cost theory,incomplete contract theory,institutional evolution theory,property rights theory and other commonly used theoretical tools for comparative institutional analysis;puts forward three selection criteria of agricultural industrialization organization modes from three theoretical perspectives: transaction governance structure,incomplete contract and institutional evolution,and summarizes the application conditions and scope of different organization modes.This paper systematically analyses the restrictive factors of optimizing the organization mode of agricultural industrialization from four aspects: the irrationality of the profit mechanism of agricultural industrialization,the path dependence in the change of agricultural industrialization organization mode,the constraints of production factors,and the imperfect governance environment,which belongs to the “analyzing problems” link.Finally,the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions with strong pertinence and operability from five aspects: perfecting the market systems of rural production factors,strengthening the policy support for optimizing the organization mode of agricultural industrialization,eliminating the path dependence in the transformation of the organization mode,creating good internal conditions for optimizing the organization mode,and improving the governance environment for optimizing the organization mode,which belong to the "solving problems" link.This paper holds that organization modes of agricultural industrialization cannot be simply divided into good ones and bad ones,there is no absolutely optimal organization mode,we cannot be superstitious about a certain organization mode,and each organization mode may be the relatively most efficient one under certain conditions.Under different external conditions(the stage of agricultural industrialization development,the level of economic development,the degree of perfection of factor market,the situation of market demand,the degree of perfection of economic institutions),and different internal conditions(asset specificity,frequency of transaction,uncertainty,production technology level,the scale of production,capital accumulation,industry characteristics),there are different optimal modes.Blind promotion and application of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization should be avoided.The theoretical value of this paper is mainly embodied in the following three aspects: first,this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic comparison of the institutional characteristics and advantages,disadvantages of different organization modes,which makes up for the lack of research in this field.Second,this paper puts forward three selection criteria of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization,and makes a systematic and deep study of the optimization of agricultural industrialization organization modes from various perspectives.The analysis enriches the research in this field.Third,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the constraints in the optimization of agricultural industrialization organization modes,which makes up for the lack of existing research in this field.The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in the following four aspects.First,innovation of research methods.This paper uses the new research method of comparative institutional analysis,absorbs the basic ideas and logic of comparative institutional analysis,and uses the common theoretical tools of comparative institutional analysis such as game theory,transaction cost theory,contract theory and property right theory,to systematically and thoroughly analyze the organization mode of agricultural industrialization.Second,the innovation of analytical perspective.The existing literature usually only carries out static analysis or comparative static analysis to study the application scope of different agricultural industrialization organization modes,which is more one-sided.This paper breaks through the limitation of static analysis perspective,and also carries out dynamic evolutionary analysis of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization,expanding the research in this field.Thirdly,innovation of viewpoint.The existing literature often compares different organization modes of agricultural industrialization,points out the drawbacks of one mode or some modes,advocates a new mode,or thinks that organization modes of agricultural industrialization cannot be simply divided into good ones and bad ones,and the organization mode should be chosen according to the specific situation.In essence,what the existing literature pursues is the static optimization of the organization mode of agricultural industrialization.This paper holds that with the rapid development of economy,the internal and external environment and conditions of agricultural industrialization organization,and the relevant complementary institutions of agricultural industrialization organization mode will change.Therefore,we should constantly adjust and optimize the organization mode to realize the dynamic optimization of the selection of agricultural industrialization organization mode.Fourth,breakthroughs in the study of the optimization of agricultural industrialization organization mode.At present,there are few literatures specializing in the optimization of agricultural industrialization organization mode.In this paper,the existing problems of agricultural industrialization organization mode in China are deeply analyzed and classified,and the institutional characteristics and advantages,disadvantages of different organization modes are compared comprehensively and systematically.Three selection criteria of agricultural industrialization organization modes are put forward,and the application conditions and scope of different organization modes are summarized.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the constraints in the optimization of agricultural industrialization organization modes;on this basis,puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions,achieving an important breakthrough in this field of research.