Research On The Growth Of New Industries From The Perspective Of Population Ecology

Marx pointed out that man and nature are inseparable,and people must transform the world on the basis of respecting the laws of nature.Moreover,economic construction is a form of transforming the world.Therefore,when we study economic problems,we must fully draw on the laws of nature.At present,an important economic problem of our country is "how to guide the rapid growth of new industries,so as to speed up the cultivation of new momentum and promote the high-quality development of our economy".So,is it necessary to learn from the relevant laws of ecology to study the growth of new industries in China? Looking from the social background,in recent years,many new industries have sprung up like bamboo shoots after a rainstorm,making rapid development,and their potential to stimulate economic growth is also accelerating.But at the same time,these new industries have produced many problems,which restrict the economic development.Therefore,we need to clarify the mechanism and regulation mechanism of the growth of new industries,and then correctly guide the development path of new industries,which has become an important issue to be solved urgently.From the theoretical background,ecology and economics share the same core and research focus.More and more scholars have studied economic issues from the perspective of ecology,and achieved remarkable results.At the same time,the traditional research on industrial organization mainly focuses on the analysis of competition,cooperation and external relations among the internal organizations of firms.There is no in-depth and systematic study on industrial growth.Therefore,it is necessary to study the growth of new industries from the perspective of ecology.Based on the above analysis,this paper puts forward the proposition of "Based on the perspective of population ecology,this paper explains the growth process of new industries,finds out the factors affecting the growth of new industries,and analyses how to make new industries survive and develop better".In order to solve this basic proposition,first of all,we need to understand the growth process of new industries and establish relevant theoretical basis.(1)Based on niche theory,the theory of enterprise niche and industrial niche is established.It is concluded that the growth of new industry is the evolution process of industrial niche.(2)Based on the analysis of biological invasion theory,it is concluded that the growth of new industries is a process of industrial invasion;and that the growth process of new industry can be divided into four stages: industrial formation stage,initial development stage,rapid growth stage and industrial maturity stage;and that the three factors affecting the new industry invasion are the internal effect of industry,the relationship between industries and the external environment of industry;and the ecological evaluation system of industry invasion is established.(3)Based on the population growth model,a new industry growth model is established.(4)Based on the three regulation mechanisms of population,it is proposed that the growth of newindustries can be similarly regulated from three aspects: internal industry,interindustry relationship and external environment,so as to establish an analytical framework for the growth of new industries.Secondly,it is necessary to clarify the changing rules and mechanism of the three major determinants affecting the growth of new industries,so as to put forward the regulation mechanism.In view of the first determinant of the growth of new industries---the industrial internal effects,the study finds that there are competition effect,collaboration effect and wolf effect similar to the intra-population effect,and there are competition effect,collaboration effect and leading effect in the intra-industry.Through the analysis of the actual changes of the three effects within the population,the actual changes of the three effects within the industry are obtained.At the same time,based on the established theory of enterprise niche and industrial niche,and the analysis of the evolution of general niche,the theoretical changes of the three effects within the industry are obtained.Through the comparison of laws and the analysis of characteristics,three conclusions are drawn.(1)With the increase of the number of enterprises,the actual value of the competition effect gradually exceeds the theoretical value,and the excess part becomes larger and larger,which is caused by vicious competition within the industry.(2)The law of theoretical change of cooperative effect is increasing,while the law of actual change is first strengthened and then weakened.The main reasons for this contradiction are imperfect market mechanism,imperfect integrity system of enterprises and high cost of cooperation among enterprises.(3)The law of theoretical change of the leading effect is constantly increasing,while the law of actual change is first strengthened and then weakened.The main reason for this "contradiction" is the balance between knowledge spillover and property rights protection.So we can get the mechanism and regulation mechanism of the three effects within the industry.Subsequently,according to the performance of industrial internal effects in different stages of industrial growth,we can get the regulation mode in different stages of industrial growth.In view of the second determinant of the growth of new industries,the relationship between industries is defined.Based on the Lotka-Volterra model of two population relationships and the established industrial growth model,this paper describes nine models under the five relationships of competition,bias,predation,bias and mutual benefit between two industries,and studies their equilibrium and stability.Then,from the perspective of industrial niche,the evolution process of various relationships is analyzed.Then the models of nine cases are compared and analyzed.From the perspective of the change of the relationship between the two industries,the harmful effects of the two industries will be reduced through the differentialdevelopment,and the beneficial effects of the two industries will be formed through the sharing of advantages,thus promoting the transformation process of the relationship between the two industries from competition to partial harm to predation to partial benefit to mutual benefit,and ultimately promoting the development of both industries in a better direction.From the point of view of whether the industry mainly depends on the change of the survival of a single industry in the system,when an industry changes the situation that only depends on one industry through diversified development,its development situation will be better.Subsequently,according to the performance of industrial relations in different stages of industrial growth,the regulation mode in different stages of industrial growth is obtained.In view of the third determinant of the growth of new industry---the external environment of industry,this paper analyses the specific performance of the external environment of industry from the perspective of economics.According to the growth model of new industry,it is concluded that the growth of new industry will also be affected by the external environmental factors such as the amount of resources available in industry,the output of resources per unit,the access conditions for the use of resources,commodity prices and technological level.Subsequently,according to the performance of the external environment in different stages of industrial growth,the regulation mode in different stages of industrial growth is obtained.Then,by further studying the ecological evaluation system of industrial invasion and the optimization measures of new industry growth,the analysis framework of new industry growth is improved.Finally,this paper takes China’s online retail industry as an example to verify and analyze the new industry growth analysis framework,and draws four valuable conclusions.(1)China’s online retail industry is currently in a rapid growth stage.(2)From the Z value(53.72%)of the degree of difficulty of industrial invasion slightly more than 50%,we can see that industrial invasion is easier and the probability of success is higher.(3)In the future,the development goal of the online retail industry is to continuously tap the potential and keep the online retail industry growing rapidly.(4)At present,the two most influential determinants are the intra-industry effect and inter-industry relationship.Therefore,we should focus on these two determinants.Establish a sound market order,constantly improve the market mechanism,improve the integrity system of enterprises,enhance information transparency,reduce the cost of cooperation between enterprises,improve the intellectual property protection system,optimize the knowledge spillover incentive mechanism,create a good investment environment,and improve the tax system.The online retail industry and the real retail industry are developing differently and sharing advantages.The online retail industry is constantly exploring diversified development paths.In addition,weneed to improve the relevant laws,regulations and industry standards of online retail industry.The case study shows that the analysis framework of new industry growth can be well applied to the study of new industry growth.Through this study,the basic proposition is reasonably answered: from the perspective of population ecology,the growth of new industry is a process of industrial invasion and evolution of industrial niche;the growth of new industry is influenced by three factors: internal effects of industry,inter-industry relations and external environment of industry.As long as these three aspects are adjusted reasonably,we can better guide the survival and development of new industries,thus speeding up the cultivation of new momentum and promoting the high-quality development of our economy.The research on the growth of new industries covers a wide range and involves many contents.However,from the perspective of population ecology,this paper chooses three effects within industries,four relations among industries and five factors outside industries for a simple study.In the next step,it can be extended from the following four aspects.(1)To further optimize the theory of enterprise niche and industrial niche,refine the decomposition of industrial growth stage,improve the theory of industrial invasion and the evaluation system of industrial invasion ecology,and so on.(2)To further refine the categories of influencing factors and enrich the influencing mechanism.(3)To further improve the analysis framework of new industry growth.(4)To further improve the accuracy of case analysis.