The Research On The Caring Facility Allocation Mechanism And Optimization Countermeasures Of Changsha Based On The Resilient City Theory

China has entered an aging society characterized with huge elderly population base with rapid growth rate,advanced age trend and a large number of disabled old people.At the same time,the family supporting-parents mode transformed swiftly to the social care service mode.With the relief tradition of social care service,the aging society has brought great pressure to the social care service system.Under the high demand background,caring facilities as an indispensable part owned high vacancy feature,showing that great problem existed in its allocation mechanism which need to be studied as soon as possible.From the perspective of the Resilient City theory,urban caring facilities allocation is a process,in which the urban complex system adapts to the demand pressure,and its allocation mechanism includes the dynamic and phased adaptation mechanisms.An analytical framework with holistic and dynamic characteristics was set up.By using the theoretical Panarchy Model,the dynamic adaptation mechanism is the adaptive cycle mechanism of urban complex system coping with the demand pressure.The adaptive cycle process and driving forces of Changsha between1949 and 2016 were analyzed and its development trend was determined based on the Panarchy Model,which is an attempt to apply the Resilient City theoretical model tool to the caring facility research.The phased adaptation mechanism in exploration phase was deeply studied,which is a very important phase to accumulate system potential during the adaptive cycle and could have a great impact on the whole adaptive cycle process.Considering the caring facilities demand is far greater than the supply under the marketization background,the mechanism of urban complex system's absorption of the demand pressure is the core of the phased adaptation mechanism.The mechanism of urban complex system's absorption of the demand pressure in Changsha between 2011 and 2016 was studied,which included the absorption results and the urban system factors affecting the absorption results.Considering fully the demand differences of the elderly and the complexity of caring facility supply in real life,using qualitative and quantitative methods to compare the supply and the demand,the supply factors affecting the absorption efficiency and its features,which are the absorption results,were determined.The urban system factors resulting in the absorption results were also confirmed which included direct factors and underlying factors.It provides a new systematic perspective for explaining the caring facility allocation mechanism during the exploration phase.The urban systematic countermeasure to promote the healthy development of the adaptive cycles and to advance the absorption efficiency of caring facilities was also put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?The division method of the adaptive cycles and phases was to divide different cycles according to the basic policies for the social care service and to distinguish the phases in different cycles mainly based on the trend of system potential,connectedness and resilience by such indicators as the total supply of caring facilities,the ratio of private caring facilities to public ones and the total number of occupants,with the elderly population pressure and specific policies etc.combined.?2?The adaptive cycles and phases of Changsha consisted of the first adaptive cycle?1949-1999?and the first exploration phase??₁??2000-2010?and the second exploration phase??₂??2011-2016?of the second adaptive cycle.The inherent demand of the second exploration phase??₂??2011-2016?was to enhance the absorption efficiency.?3?The driving forces were the institution innovation with the policy preparation in advance,the caring facility demand change and the timely perfection and adjustment of the specific policies and standards.?4?The caring facility supply factors affecting the absorption efficiency were mainly the medical and nursing function level,the scale of caring facilities with homogeneity function for the self-care elderly,the average occupancy price,the nature of the caring facility host,the position of private-hosted caring facilities,the quatity of the supply providing service to its surrounding communities,the matching degree between the supply contents and its corresponding community demands.?5?The direct factors leading to the absorption results were mainly uneven capability to operate caring facilities,inadequate government supervision,low income of the elderly,dual-track caring facility developing mode,the time sequence of dynamic spatial development,inhomogeneous distribution of high quality medical resources and the imperfect mechanism of the construction of the caring facilities providing service to its surrounding communities.The underlying factors were mainly the unclear boundary of the government social security management responsibility,community unit apt to be administrative,social organizations owning dependency,low level of social security expenditure,early stage of the pension industry development,physical planning convention,single core urban spatial structure,etc.?6?The optimization countermeasure proposals included the macro dynamic ones as constructing information platform for caring facility,monitoring the adaptive cycles and early warning,feeding back and making the adjustment when in the exploration and conservative phases.The periodical ones are constructing the caring facility type system based on different demands,perfecting the government allocation mode and setting up the community organization allocation mode to increase the supply of corresponding types of caring facilities and enhancing the absorption efficiency of enterprise allocation mode through the subsystem synergy,improving the overall absorption efficiency by increasing the level of social security expenditure,speeding up the professional training and strengthening the supervision power of the government.The above research findings could provide a powerful theoretical tool for the study of the dynamic caring facility allocation regularities,promote the refinement and deepening of the research on the caring facility classification,improve the limitations of the research which were usually from a single perspective of society,economy or space.In practical dimension,the research findings could provide a theoretical basis for Changsha's medium and long term planning of caring facilities,guide the classification of caring facilities,enhance the urban complex system absorption efficiency of the different demand and promote a healthier development of its adaptive cycles.