The Studies On The Supply Chain Efficiency And Constraints Of Cambodian Rice Sector

Rice supply in Cambodia likely challenged with the problems such as high production cost,marketing selection not appropriate,unfair distribution of income along various actors,and constraints related to production and marketing.So,the topic of “The Studies on the Supply Chain Efficiency and Constraints of Cambodian Rice Sector” was an important for research in Prey Veng of Cambodia.The four objectives were set such as to analyze factors affecting cost efficiency of Cambodian rice farming households,to study factors influencing marketing channel choices of Cambodian rice farming households,to explore the income of every link of value chain along various actors,and to identify the constraints in the rice production of farmers.These aims would respond to the advancement of socialeconomic currently especially to improve the people as well as farmers who supply paddy products through formulating policies to enhance such as increasing revenue,poverty alleviation,food security,and sustainable development.The research was conducted in Prey Veng province of Cambodia from January to March 2019.In total of sample were 216 household farmers,12 collectors,12 traders,12 millers,6 wholesalers,6 retailers,and 6 consumers were interviewed.The model of Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier was used to estimate factors efficiency,and Multinomial Logit model was used to estimate factors effect to decision to sell their product in the marketing channel.Results show that a household farmer needed to spend average input in the wet and dry season about 1966949.02 Riel/ha and 2343467 Riel/ha to produce output about 3296.38 Kg/ha and 4892.36 Kg/ha respectively that also revealed the highest costs contribute sharing in their production were fertilizers in the wet and dry season about 16.78% and 18.76% respectively.Further,the estimating coefficients of cost production illustrated the cost of fertilizers,antidote rice crop,paddy seed,draft power tractor,hired labor,and repair and maintenance were affect positive to output product in both seasons and only cost of oil and irrigated affected also positive in the dry season.But the cost of transportation and harvested were not found significant due to cost external of production that might not effect to rice product yield.As for the technical efficiency,result shows that farmers who produced high efficiency(95%-100%)in the wet and dry season were about 43.52% and 59.72% respectively so that almost all of paddy productions were efficiency,but in the dry season was higher than wet season as the output was paddy product.In the case of income product output,the paddy production in the wet season likely efficiency also but still lower than dry season even the price in the market was higher(price in the wet and dry season were 864.35 Riel/kg and 733.4 Riel/kg respectively).Marketing channel choice,farmers usually sold their product to three marketing channel such as collectors at the farm gate,traders near the main market,and millers near village/town.The traders were direct marketing channels in the dry season depend on early rice about 80.09% and millers were direct marketing channels in the wet season depend on medium and late rice about 71.76%.The level of socio-economic,institutional,and marketing factors were statistically significantly influenced to marketing channel choices of household farmers sold their products in the wet and dry seasons.According to the results,low paddy price,insufficient marketing information,low capital,high paddy seed cost,high gasoline/diesel cost,low irrigation system,access to extension service,credit/fund availability,snail,weed,and drought those were the major constraints for farmers.Besides,the type of rice seeds can also influence the choices of farmers,as different rice goes to different supply chains and consumed by different customers.These findings relate to the factors that need to address and improve household farmers by suggestion and recommendation.In the case of cost efficiency,need to stimulate farmers to use The System of Rice Intensification such as cultivate one seed for reducing the costs.In the case of marketing channel,need to stimulate and encourage extension office to support,sharing experience,and knowledge to older farmers,farmers’ low experience,and farmers’ low education.To improve the extension services by the focus on telecommunications,storage facilities,and rural infrastructure such as transportations and roads.Urge farmers to market participation,enhance the integration of farmers to market,and enhance market competition.Also need to work effort to promote ongoing investment in the water supporting such as small,medium,and large of irrigation systems,and so forth.In the case of income of various actors,farmers who cultivated medium rice such as Neang Khun,Phka Khnhey,Tro Nung,Kro Saing Teab,and Chong Kong Khmao were suggested to cultivate the seed of Phka Khnhey due to it was very important to contribute for increasing income in along various actors and also the market needed.Whereas,Phka Rumduol was suggested for farmers cultivated among late rice as the market needed and also contribute highest income along various actors.In the case of constraints of farmers’ perception,the outcome of policies should improve the ongoing subsidy to farmers such as reduce more tax of chemical fertilizer,mechanization machine,gasoline/diesel,and paddy seed for encouraging importers as well as farmers.Improving the rural banking systems and lowering interest rates it might to reduce constraint of low capital and credit/fund availability.The disease,pest,snail,and weed constraint relevant to the cost of antidote rice crop should be reduced.