| High-quality products are not only a fundamental factor in safeguarding consumer rights,but also a need to obtain a competitive advantage of the supply chain and build a stable supply relationship.Moreover,effective quality control is an important measure to ensure product quality.Besides,complex supply chain environment brings more uncertainty,and supply chain members show the characteristics of loss aversion which could affect them in making quality and price decisions.With the development of dual-channel supply chain,closed-loop supply chain and supply chain network,supply chain to achieve the goal of providing optimal service at the lowest cost continues to face new challenges:Conflicts between different channels online and offline increase the difficulty of supply chain coordination;How to coordinate the relationship between forward and reverse logistics in a closed-loop supply chain that is responsive to sustainable development strategies;How should a complex supply chain network achieve its own equilibrium efficiently?These issues all affect the overall efficiency of the supply chain.This research aiming at the following four aspects mainly:(1)Considering two-stage benchmark supply chain consisting of manufacturers and retailers who show the characteristics of loss aversion simultaneously,market demand is random and affected by product quality.Besides,in order to increase product sales,manufacturers have adopted a series of measures to improve product quality and pay for quality efforts.The retailer takes measures to inspect the manufacturer's products in order to control the products purchased from the manufacturer to meet their own set quality requirements.If unqualified products are found,the retailer claims compensation from the manufacturer.In addition,the behavior of loss-averse manufacturer and loss-averse retailer is portrayed by the loss-averse utility function.Utility model under centralized decision and decentralized decision are constructed respectively,and the optimal choices of manufacturers and retailers are solved according to the principle of utility maximization.By analyzing and comparing the optimal strategies under the two modes,the contractual construction of supply chain coordination model is introduced reasonably,and the coordination mechanism is given.Finally,the impacts of the parameters changes in the decentralized and centralized model on the optimal quality level and order price are presented through the sensitivity analysis.The trend of manufacturers and retailers1 utility are given,when the parameters changes,including loss avoidance,product pass rate,and sales price.(2)The development of online sales channels has brought new challenges to the quality control of supply chain.In order to expand market share,manufacturers often open online sales channels while retaining traditional sales channels.There is often a difference it the quality of online and offline products.Under the dual-channel environment where network channels and traditional channels coexist,different quality control strategies are developed to encourage manufacturers to improve product quality.Then study the impact of different sales channel strategies and different sales channel structures on product quality control strategies in this case.After adopting a quality control strategy,the research focuses on how manufacturers and retailers coordinate conflicts between channels,and how to introduce contractual solutions to the dilemma of supply chain profit loss caused by double marginalization and channel conflicts.In addition,the study of the difference in pricing gap between manufacturers and retailers under dual channels has implications for manufacturers to make optimal quality level decisions and for retailers to develop optimal wholesale volume and quality control strategies.This provides theoretical support for manufacturers and retailers to achieve their maximize utility.(3)As people's awareness of environmental protection increases,sustainable development is recognized.Closed-loop supply chain which Emphasis on reducing pollution waste and recycling of used products develops rapidly.In this context,we study the impact of quality control and loss avoidance behaviors on the coordination of closed-loop supply chains.The quality of remanufactured products that consumers care about is a key factor affecting the stability and coordination within the closed-loop supply chain.By constructing a centralized model that aims to maximize the overall profit of the supply chain,and a decentralized model of the game between the manufacturer and the retailer,the variables such as product quality level and order quantity are determined,and the decision results are compared.Introducing a contract to construct a supply chain coordination model for non-coordination phenomena.Sensitivity analysis of parameters such as loss avoidance,recovery rate and new product price is carried out by numerical examples,revealing the relationship between loss avoidance,recovery rate and the pricing of remanufactured products and the utility of supply chain.(4)Considering the fact that there are many members in the actual supply chain network,the competition and cooperation coexist,and the relationship is complex.The research is extended to the network equilibrium problem considering quality control and loss avoidance in the supply chain network environment.The optimal economic behavior of players in the supply chain network is portrayed by way of variational inequalities theory and supply chain network equilibrium model is constructed.Then,the equilibrium pattern in terms of existence and uniqueness results is provided.Finally,the quasi-Newton algorithm is built to solve the equilibrium model.The impacts of the changes of the parameters in the model on the equilibrium solutions are presented through the sensitivity analysis of the parameters.Reveal the impact of factors such as quality control and loss avoidance on supply chain equilibrium solutions and the profit or utility of supply chain members. |
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