Research On The Construction Of Multi-Tiered Endowment Insurance System For The Urban Workers In China From The Perspective Of Responsibility Sharing

At present,China's endowment insurance system is facing many challenges.On the one hand,while economic globalization,urbanization and new formats bring development opportunities,they also place higher demands on the level of treatment,fairness and flexibility of the endowment insurance system.On the other hand,China's aging population situation is becoming increasingly serious.There are many problems of a large number of elderly people and getting old before getting rich.It is urgent to raise the awareness of people's participation in insurance and increase the reserve of pension funds.In this context,in October 2017,the party's 19th National Congress report pointed out:"We will act on the policy requirements to help those most in need,to build a tightly woven safety net,and to build the necessary institutions,as we work to develop a sustainable multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population in both urban and rural areas,with clearly defined rights and responsibilities,and support that hits the right level.We will work to see that everyone has access to social security.We will improve the basic pension schemes for urban employees and for rural and non-working urban residents,and quickly bring pension schemes under national unified management".In view of the reform requirements and tasks proposed in the report of the 19th National Congress,as well as the need for reform of the endowment insurance system in the context of economic globalization and population aging,it is particularly necessary to further improve China's multi-tiered endowment insurance system and increase the pension fund reserve of all the citizens.However,China's endowment insurance system has been established for a short time,at present,the basic endowment insurance holds dominant position,the development of enterprise annuity and personal commercial endowment insurance is slow,and there are some problems of responsibility dislocation,responsibility offside and responsibility absence for every subjects.Firstly in the first level of the construction of basic old-age insurance for urban workers,whether it is the top-level design of the system,fund management and investment operations,or institutional management system and service services,the Government has problems in fulfilling its responsibilities,resulting in the basic Endowment insurance system in a fragmented state,The regional contribution rate and substitution rate and other parameters are difficult to unify,the scale of individual account "empty account" increases year by year,the basic endowment insurance has difficulties in fund preservation and appreciation.Secondly,because of the single product of the second level enterprise annuity system,the investment management and innovation ability of insurance and annuity management institutions are not strong,the system maintenance and operation cost is high,the financial tax preferential strength is insufficient and so on,resulting in the enterprise and individual participation enthusiasm is not high,affecting the overall development level of enterprise annuity.Finally,in the third level of commercial endowment insurance construction,the current personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance is still in the pilot stage,the tax concessions are not strong,coupled with the awareness of personal participation is weak,blind optimism about the life of the elderly and other factors,and ultimately lead to China's commercial endowment insurance in the multi-tiered endowment insurance system accounted for a relatively low,There is a large gap between the scale of basic endowment insurance.Under this background,the establishment of multi-tiered endowment insurance system is imminent.In order to construct a perfect multi-tiered endowment insurance system,the first task should be to clarify the relationship between government,enterprise and individual responsibility sharing,clarify the boundary between government and market,and finally through the top-level design of parameter adjustment and structural reform,the government is guided to give full play to the market function while taking on the limited responsibility,so as to meet the future diversified needs of the residents in China.In view of this,under the perspective of responsibility sharing,this dissertation takes"the construction of multi-tiered endowment insurance system for urban workers in China"as the core issue,based on the requirements put forward in the 19th National Congress report,and on the basis of literature combing and data collection at home and abroad,first expounds the problems of responsibility absence,responsibility dislocation and responsibility evasion that still exist between the government,enterprises and individuals,at the same time,according to the problems and the present situation of China's economic development,this dissertation explains and defines the main responsibilities that governments,enterprises and individuals should bear in the multi-tiered endowment insurance system.Secondly,by constructing the moderate level model of multi-tiered endowment insurance,this dissertation further quantifies the financial expenditure responsibility,the payment responsibility of enterprises and individuals,clarifies the moderate level of expenditure,contribution and treatment of multi-tiered endowment insurance,and on this basis,puts forward three kinds of reform schemes of multi-tiered endowment insurance system in China,The scheme mainly has the difference in the implementation cost,the individual income and the system goal realization and so on,the government can make the reasonable choice according to its policy goal and the budget constraint.Thirdly,in order to verify the rationality of the relevant parameter design in the scheme,this dissertation constructs the two-period overlapping generation model,simulates and calculates a series of economic effects that will be brought about by the establishment of the multi-tiered endowment insurance system,and studies the impact of increasing or decreasing individual contribution rate,enterprise contribution rate,individual working period tax rate and individual retirement tax rate on economic development respectively,and the influence of multi-tiered endowment insurance system construction on different income groups,and its research conclusion also provides relevant reference for policy making.Finally,based on the previous calculation and analysis,it is suggested to further improve the multi-tiered endowment insurance system for urban workers in China,starting from the support of law,system,finance,technology,talents and social insurance system,in order to meet the challenges brought by China's aging population,economic globalization,urbanization and new formats,then to build a more fairer and more sustainable multi-tiered pension insurance system.According to the research content,the innovation point of this dissertation mainly has the following three aspects:Firstly,expand and deepen the theory of responsibility sharing of multi-tiered endowment insurance system and carry out empirical research.Under the framework of multi-tiered endowment insurance system,this dissertation expounds in detail the specific responsibilities that governments,enterprises and individuals should undertake,and clarifies the boundary between government and market relations.At the same time,by constructing the moderate level model of endowment insurance and the overlapping generation model,the government financial expenditure responsibility and the payment responsibility of enterprises and individuals in the multi-tiered endowment insurance are further quantified,and the treatment level and the economic effect of the multi-tiered endowment insurance system are clarified.To a certain extent,this breaks through the limitation of the research of the early scholars only from a certain level or a certain subject,and is a further expansion and deepening of the theory of responsibility sharing in the multi-tiered endowment insurance system.Secondly,the moderate level of multi-tiered endowment insurance is calculated and the related reform plan is designed.As the embodiment of the responsibility quantification of the multi-tiered endowment insurance system,this dissertation further expands the theory of the moderate level of endowment insurance,constructs the corresponding level model of multi-tiered endowment insurance according to the responsibility orientation and the constraints faced by each liability subject,and on this basis,It also further puts forward three kinds of reform schemes of China' s multi-tiered endowment insurance system,which mainly determines the level of financial expenditure,contribution level and treatment level of each level as the core content,and takes the moderate "expenditure"interval of the government,the moderate"contribution rate" interval of the individual and the enterprise and the moderate "substitution rate" interval of the endowment insurance as the representation.Advocating the realization of the reasonable division of government,enterprise and individual responsibility,which also provides a new way of thinking for the construction of multi-tiered endowment insurance system in China.Thirdly,the economic effect of multi-tiered endowment insurance system is comprehensively analyzed from many angles.Based on the national conditions of China and under the existing policy framework,this dissertation focuses on the interaction between the construction of multi-tiered endowment insurance system and the variables of contribution rate and deferred tax policy,and simulates the effect of multi-tiered endowment insurance system on different income groups after its establishment.This dissertation further validates the"substitution effect" existing between levels and the"income redistribution effect" of different income groups under the multi-tiered endowment insurance system.This not only to a certain extent broke through the early scholars on the multi-tiered endowment insurance system research only focus on the basic theory,coordinated development at all levels,foreign experience reference or focus on a certain level of specific research limitations,to avoid the "having a limited view" problem,but also from the overall perspective,deepen the research path of the economic effect of multi-tiered endowment insurance system.This dissertation is divided into chapter specific research ideas as follows:The first chapter introduces the research background and significance of this dissertation combs the research progress of existing literatures at home and abroad,expounds the basic content of the research and the corresponding research methods,and finally summarizes the innovation points and shortcomings of the thesis.The second chapter,on the basis of defining the related concepts of multi-tiered endowment insurance system,further combs the theory involved in this study,aiming to provide theoretical support for the empirical analysis content below.The third chapter,based on the perspective of responsibility sharing,combs the various problems existing in China's multi-tiered endowment insurance system from the hierarchical and sub-responsibility subjects.The fourth chapter mainly from the perspective of responsibility orientation and responsibility sharing,combing the government,enterprises and individuals in the multi-tiered endowment insurance system should bear the main responsibility:that is,the government should regulate its own responsibility from the three aspects of system design,financial support and management supervision;Enterprises should fulfill the contribution liability of the first and the second level and the enterprise annuity fund management responsibility of the second level;Individuals not only need to bear the contribution responsibility of the basic endowment insurance,at the same time,in the process of seeking a higher level of pension protection,individuals also have to assume a certain degree of investment management responsibility and supervision responsibility.The fifth chapter,combined with the previous analysis of the responsibility of government,enterprises and individuals,further quantifies the government's responsibility for financial expenditure,enterprise and individual contributions,and clarifies the moderate level of expenditure,contribution and treatment of multi-tiered endowment insurance by constructing the moderate level model of multi-tiered endowment insurance,and at the same time,According to the calculation results and the actual situation of China,on the basis of reference from foreign experience,this dissertation puts forward three kinds of reform schemes of China's multi-tiered endowment insurance system,which is determined as the core content at each level of financial expenditure level,contribution level and treatment level,and advocates the realization of the reasonable division of government,enterprise and individual responsibility.The sixth chapter mainly constructs the two-stage overlapping generation model under the framework of multi-tiered endowment insurance system,and focuses on the following three kinds of problems through parameter calibration,numerical simulation and comparative static analysis:First,is it necessary to construct a multi-tiered endowment insurance system that is shared by government,enterprise and individual responsibility?What impact will it have on economic development?Second,what is the impact of increasing or decreasing individual contribution rates,enterprise contribution rates,individual working period tax rates and individual retirement tax rates on economic development,respectively?Third,what is the impact of the establishment of multi-tiered endowment insurance system on different income groups?By answering the above questions,from the overall perspective,this dissertation focuses on the interaction between the construction of multi-tiered endowment insurance system and the variables of contribution rate and tax policy,and probes into the overall economic effect of multi-tiered endowment insurance system under the responsibility sharing.The seventh chapter mainly starts with the support of law,system,finance,technology,talents and the social insurance system,and systematically expounds the support mechanism of multi-tiered endowment insurance system.The eighth chapter is mainly the summary of the whole dissertation and the construction prospects of future multi-tiered endowment insurance system.