| On the occasion of the 70 th anniversary of the founding of new China,China has made remarkable achievements in economic development,which is the second largest economy in the world only behind the United States.While being proud of the achievements,as a learner of economic theories,this paper thinks that it is more necessary to calm down and summarizes the valuable experience in China's economic development during this period,further refine and make it rise to the theoretical level,establish the theory of socialist economy with Chinese characteristics,and establish its due status in the field of human economics,and the idea of academic history research is an effective way.The theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is one of the very important valuable experiences.Before the reform of the socialist market economy system,the theory of the comprehensive balance of the national economy has always been one of the principles that must be observed and has played an important role in guiding the operation of China's socialism macro-economy.However,after the proposal of establishing the socialist market economy system,the concept of comprehensive balance of the national economy almost disappeared,and the research literature in this field also decreased abruptly.It was as if that the theory,like the planned economy system,outdated,which was no longer fit to guide the practice of China's socialist market economy.But we can often observe that many macroeconomic regulations and controls under the socialist market economy system is similar to the way the comprehensive balance of national economy's,such as the government is the main body of the regulation,the five-year plan(plan)provisions are formulated for the future development,the goal is economic aggregate and structural balance.In view of this,this paper aims to solve the first problem: whether the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is out of date at present,and what is the relationship with macro-control.As we all know,the theory of comprehensive balance of our national economy is guided by Marxist theory,which is the result of the Sinicization of Marx's theory of economic balance according to the law of proportionality.At the same time,we can find abundant thoughts of economic balance in the history of ancient Chinese economic thoughts,and there are many similarities between its concrete practices and the comprehensive balance of national economy.Following this clue,the second problem to be solved in this paper is to explore the relationship between the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy and the thought of economic balance in ancient China.This paper mainly focuses on the above two issues,on the basis of combing the relevant research literature at home and abroad,under the guidance of dialectical materialism and historical materialism methodology,mainly using literature sorting,comparative analysis,historical induction and other research methods to give convincing arguments.First,this article combs the main research literature that related to the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy overall since the 1940 s,which was divided into the germination,formation,development,deepening and transformation innovation,then summarizes the connotation and characteristics various periods the connotation and characteristics of the theory respectively in order to form the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy.Under the guidance of Marxism,the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy has summarized the positive and negative experience of China's economic construction for more than 70 years.When the economic proportion is balance,economic development is healthy while the economic proportion is unbalanced,economic development is often hindered.The theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is summed up under the guidance of Marxism,learning from the experience and lessons of the Soviet Union,starting from China's national conditions and China's actual situation,and in the process of solving China's problems by the country's economic leaders which including Mao Zedong,Chen Yun,Bo Yibo,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping and economists that including Wang Xuewen,Xue Muqiao,Ma Yinchu,Sun Yefang,Yang Jianbai,Dong Fureng,Li Chengrui,Liu Guoguang,Yin Shijie,Huang Da,Chen Gong,Liu Hongru,Song Zexing,Dai Yuanchen.It is the summary and refinement of the objective laws presented in the operation of China's economic development.During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,Chen Yun,Wang Xuewen and Xue Muqiao as the financial leading experts of the Communist Party,gave birth to the initial understanding and understanding of this Law in the practice of economic management,played an important role in solving the economic difficulties at that time and promoting economic development,and laid a material foundation for the victory of the revolution.In the period of socialist transformation,especially in the early stage of the establishment of the socialist economic system,this law was applied to guide the socialist economic development.It is proved that if the national economy is in a comprehensive balance,the economy will develop,otherwise,the economic development will be hindered or even backward.The interactive process of practice and theory has formed the comprehensive balance theory of China's national economy.This theory shows that the reproduction process of the national economy requires proportional development,which is an objective law and a basic condition and guarantee for economic development.China has implemented this theory from country planning to the constitution level over the past 40 years.In terms of the realization path,we have combined the planning and marketing organically;In terms of the content,it has shifted from the balance of economic aggregate initially to the structural balance,and also shifted from the "three balances" to the "four balances".Since the tenth five-year plan period,we have paid more attention to the balance of social income distribution,the balance between the national economy and the population,resources and ecological environment which endowed the comprehensive balance of the national economy with a richer connotation.This theory has been innovated and developed.As Huang Da has appraised,the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is dynamic,and it will develop continuously with practice.What it pursues is a kind of dynamic balance,which is a key law that must be followed in economic development.It is an objective law in the process of social and economic development.This is a proposition to describe the balance of supply and demand in a modern economy in terms of Chinese characteristics,which is neither from western economics nor from the Soviet Union.Next,this paper uses the method of comparative analysis to compare the comprehensive balance theory of national economy with Marx's economic balance theory,western economic equilibrium theory,macro-control theory and China's ancient economic balance thoughts in order to solve the two problems proposed in this paper one by one.The balance/equilibrium question is a question that Chinese and foreign thinkers,especially economists are fairly keen on and eager to search an answer.Therefore,the research on economic balance/equilibrium has become a main line running through Chinese and foreign economic thoughts in ancient and modern times.Despite appearances,all balance/equilibrium problems come down to the balance/equilibrium of interests,which is a balance/equilibrium of "relationship of interests".To answer the first question,this paper compared the comprehensive balance theory of national economy with Marx's economic balance theory,Western Macroeconomic Equilibrium Theory,macro-control theory and draws the following conclusions: First,these theories are all economic theories at the level of macro-economic operation,aiming at the balance/balance of total social supply and demand,with the goal of stable macro-economic operation and using the way of national regulation or utilizing the law of market value or combining the two.Second,they are quite different.The theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is consistent with Marx's theory of economic balance and theory of macro-control in theoretical connotation and has inheritance relationship.However,Marx's theory of economic balance advocates that the future society should be use planning as the basic way to realize the law of proportionality in order to eliminate the insufficiency of the law of market value,while the comprehensive balance of national economy and macro-control combine the two adjusting modes based on the experience and lessons constantly explored in practice.There are essential differences between comprehensive balance of national economy and western economic equilibrium theory,although they are similar in some places.Western macroeconomic equilibrium theory pays attention to the balance of economic aggregate,basically ignoring the balance of economic structure.Its goal is to smooth economic fluctuations through macroeconomic policy regulation,but there is no way to fundamentally solve the problem of economic imbalance.Western economic equilibrium theory avoids the deep reason behind the economic balance,that is,the balance of interest relations,but only stays on the surface of economic phenomena,which is determined by the private ownership of means of production and the basic contradiction of capitalism on this basis.Although this theory has developed to a more rigorous and perfect theoretical system and put forward many theories and methods of optimum allocation of resources at the technical level,which are worth learning from,but it can not and has not become the theoretical guidance of comprehensive balance theory and macro-control of China's national economy.Therefore,this paper holds that the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is a proposition of describing the balance of supply and demand of modern economy in terms of Chinese characteristics,not from the Soviet Union,nor from Western economics.It is an important theoretical creation of our Party and State' economic management theory.In terms of succession,the core of Marx's theory of economic balance is to keep proportion in the development of social production which requires the proportional distribution of total labor in each link and each department of social reproduction and by way of planning consciously on the law of value.Both the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy and the macroeconomic regulation and control are instructed by Marx's economic balance theory and based on the theory of is proportional social production.They both have the content that includes a central government who has economic authority for the implementation,macroeconomic policy which mainly include fiscal policy and monetary policy,supplemented by necessary administrative means,combination of two implementations,that is the national planning and the law of value in market.They have the same target which is to achieve the balance of supply and demand quantitatively and structural.They both pay attention to the balance of deep interest relations,which means the balance of the national income distribution,finally to balance the relationship between the government,enterprises,families,individuals and other interest subjects in the social economy and to better satisfy the needs of the people.This is people oriented.As a result,the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy and the macroeconomic regulation and control is consistent logically,which are both the outcome of the sinicization of Marxist economic equilibrium theory.The theory of macroeconomic regulation and control theory is the transformation and innovation of the comprehensive balance of national economy in the new period,in which the content is more rich.In addition to focusing on the economic balance quantitatively and structural,maintaining appropriate proportion in four links of reproduction and two departments of social production,comprehensive balance of finance,credit,materials,foreign exchange and other areas of the economy,they further focus on the balance between economic and social,ecological environment,national defense,national security,the risk prevention and control,other social systems.To sum up,the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is consistent with the macro-control theory in theoretical logic and they are in the same line.Macro-control is the transformation and innovation of the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy which is not only outdated at present but also continue to play a guiding role in China's economic development.Furthermore,this paper investigates the evolution of economic policy historically and logically.We learned that the national economy overall balance has acted as the guiding principles and goals under the planned economy system in which the balance of material is the foundation and the balance of financial credit is the key.The core of the balance of social aggregate supply and demand is to deal with the relationship in national income distribution,namely the relationship between accumulation and consumption.The role of fiscal policy and credit policy was increasingly valued and the research of using fiscal policy,credit policy to achieve overall balance of national economy has become the research focus gradually.These studies further guided the transition from the planned economy system to the socialist market economy system in China.Coupled with the development of modern economics in China,the implementation of fiscal policies and credit policies to achieve economic balance and coordination has become the main content of the macro-control theory naturally.Based on the analysis above theoretically and historically,it can be seen that the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is not outdated at present and the macro-control theory is the transformation and innovation of it in the contemporary era.The solution of second problem needs to compare the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy with the thoughts of economic balance in ancient China.After combing the economic thoughts of ancient Chinese systematically,we finds that there are abundant thoughts on economic balance which involve in price stability,total material balance,currency value stability,proportional economic structure,fiscal balance,the balance of wealth distribution relationship and the way to achieve balance.Specifically,Shan Qi's dual phase rights theory,Fan Li's pingtiao,Li Kui's pingdi,Guan Zi's theory of weight,Sang Hongyang's stabilization system,Geng Shouchang's changpingcang,Wang Mang's shiping,Liu Yan's business intelligence network,wang Anshi's green crops method,Su Shi had advocated grain free circulation,Lu Shirong's pingzhunzhoujiku,Qiu Jun's price reporting system stabilized the price of products and currency on the one hand and also balanced the supplies of important materials.The idea of the physiocrats suppression reflected the small-scale peasant economic structure developing in proportion under the natural economic form of feudal society.Living within one's means is the financial principle followed by all dynasties in the feudal society,which reflects the simple thought of financial balance.Yan ying's "whether there is power or not,equality between the rich and the poor",Confucius' "do not worry about the few but worry about the uneven",and the "wealth between the rich and the poor" idea advocated in Guan Zi,and put these ideas into the land policy.Dong Zhong shu's thoughts of land limitation reflected the balance of wealth distribution relations.In terms of the way to achieve economic balance,there are the state intervention thought of "connecting the weight of power" in Guan Zi,and the laissez-faire thought of "the good" of Si Maqian.Although these thoughts of economic balance produced in in ancient China where natural economy as the leading factor and commodity economy has not yet developed,China is a totalitarian system in early state.The country's prosperity and stability based on the balance of economy and fiscal.So this has become the subject that attracted all previous dynasties thinkers to think and form the ideas of the surface and deep of economic balance which still have important reference value today.In addition to the similarities in Ideological content,this paper also finds many similarities by comparing the practice of comprehensive balance of national economy in socialist economic practice with the idea of economic balance in ancient China.It can be seen that although there was no written record been found,we can conclude from the concrete practice that many contents of the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy can be found in the original expression of the ancient Chinese thought of economic balance.This paper holds that the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy absorbs and develops the excellent traditional Chinese thoughts.The evolution of the theory of the comprehensive balance of the national economy studied in this paper has important implications for China's socialist economic construction in the future.First,the economic authority of the central government is the key to achieve the comprehensive balance of the national economy.Second,the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy emphasizes more on "comprehensive" balance;Third,we should deepen the understanding of the relationship between government and market in the comprehensive balance of national economy.Fourth,the comprehensive balance of the national economy should attach importance to the strategic,operational and tactical cohesion.Finally,the fact that the theory of comprehensive balance of the national economy guides China's macroeconomic practice from standing up to becoming rich and strong proves that this theory is a magic weapon for economic development and a basic economic law to be followed in the development of socialist economy.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects.(1)Redefining and positioning the position and value of the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy theoretically.First,on the basis of comparative analysis,this paper concluded that the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is different from the western theory of economic equilibrium and also different from the Marxist theory of economic balance.It is an important theoretical creation in the process of economic management of our Party and our Country.Second,this paper revealed the illusion that the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy is not obsolete and being transformed and innovated into the theory of macroeconomic regulation and control in the new era and will continue to guide the practice of Chinese socialist economic construction activities.This theory will develop further for better along with the development of practice.This is the one of the most important macroeconomics theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Finally,it explores the absorption and development of the excellent traditional ideas in ancient China by the theory of comprehensive balance of national economy.(2)In terms of the research ideas,this paper mainly collects theoretical materials through literature review.Combing through the ancient and modern research literature related to economic balance/equilibrium,and using the method of comparative analysis,the whole argument is completed which is the so-called academic history research.This paper proves that the research method of academic history is an effective way to construct China's economic theory once again and carries forward China's excellent traditional thoughts and enhances the confidence of economic theory.The research method of this paper is based on the combing of the research literature.The authority,comprehensiveness and relevance of the obtained literature will directly affect the quality of this paper's arguments.In the process of writing,apart from using CNKI,library and other platforms to obtain relevant materials,the author continued to receive careful guidance from the tutor and providing relevant materials which played a crucial role in the completion of this paper.However,the depth and completeness of the argumentation still need further research. |
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