| This dissertation is about one of the most controversial emotions: shame. The foundational question is: What constitutes the experience of shame as both an emotion and a dynamic of power, with an emphasis on women's gender roles? The topic is inspired by my lived experience. Expressions of my narratives and those of others are integral to this work.;The discussion begins with an overview of the history of ideas on emotions and shame. Shame was considered more important than other emotions because of its evaluative cognitive dimension. The overview highlights the continuum of inherited scholarly and culturally based gender stereotypes.;Through exploring current interdisciplinary scholarly research on shame, a common theme emerged: the irrevocable presence of the 'other' in the shame experience. Discussions around this theme led to two basic principles: 1) the individual and the social are deeply intertwined, 2) shame is a declaration of one's interest, need to belong, and love. The discussions show the significance of our connection with others initiated through various expressions: telling one's story, art, and writing. When one's expressions are not aligned with social norms, we are often shamed and alienated. This is shame's painful and controlling power. However, I argue that acknowledging shame's pain can instigate critical thinking about our roles within existing social structures. shame's productive face allows us to reflect on our ideals in relation to whom and what we love, what interests us, and where we belong.;My conclusion highlights the intriguing complexity of shame's two faces: the controlling and the productive. One negates and excludes; the other motivates critical self-reflection.;I end with the implications of my work for education. I discuss the importance of: 1) lived experiences, 2) culturally relevant narratives, 3) emotional learning, 4) recognizing the shame embedded in refugees' experiences, and 5) in grading systems. |
