Assessing English language proficiency in international aviation: Issues of reliability, validity, and aviation safety

Research shows that language communication between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs) is the most important factor in aviation safety. In international aviation, English is the default language for communication between pilots and ATCs.; This dissertation investigates the perspectives of pilots and ATCs on the factors critical to aviation safety---(1) language communication between pilots and ATCs; (2) pilot knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs); (3) reliability and stability of equipment (e.g., aircraft, and communication systems); and (4) the stress factor in emergencies. This study tests the interrelationships of these factors, and especially explores the awareness of pilots and ATCs concerning the importance of language communication to aviation safety. A survey was constructed by the author and completed by 98 Chinese individuals in training to be pilots and/or ATCs. Statistics show that predicted correlations across key items and survey components were obtained and a confirmatory factor analysis addressed six specific hypotheses showing the survey to be reliable and valid. The survey also showed that participants did not fully realize that language communication is the most important factor in aviation safety. Also, the English test associated with the survey showed that the English skills of the participants are weak.; Implications for language testing/training in aviation are drawn from the survey concerning the need for reliable/valid English testing and teaching to help ensure safety in international aviation.; A second data source, grounded in an experimental design, offered a way to improve reliability and validity of teaching and testing in general, but especially English language testing/training in international aviation. As predicted by a general theory of sign systems, results of the experimental study indicate that good communication between tests/training/curriculum/instructors/examiners and test-takers/trainees enhances reliability and validity of testing and training.; Further research is needed to contrast communication demands in aviation with those of other industries; to develop reliable/valid language testing services; to develop training programs to improve the awareness of pilots and ATCs regarding the importance of language communication in international aviation; and to provide appropriate screening procedures for communication disorders, especially stuttering and hearing loss, especially for pilots and ATCs.