| Government without Government is a theory covering private organizations carrying out government activities free of traditional contracts for service. This dissertation develops this theory as an alternative for situations where both markets and government fail to produce optimal results. These organizations operate with freedom from both markets and government because they are quasi-governmental organizations, not quite public and not quite private.;A national survey of business improvement districts (BIDs) was conducted to explore this theory. This survey was the second one conducted and provides an updated profile of BIDs in the United States.;This survey found that BIDs are created when both markets and government fail to adequately produce goods, that BIDs are quasi-governmental organizations, and that BIDs have substantial freedom from traditional democratic controls to set policy for government implementation. |
