| This dissertation describes how civil society organizations, particularly transnational, environmental interest groups in Europe (e.g., Greenpeace, WWF and Friends of the Earth), have established a working relationship with the governing body of the European Union (EU). Through both lobbying, as well as direct participation in committees and government-sponsored forums, their participation has led to strong relations with government elites.;Emphasizing involvement rather than calculating impact, this dissertation reviews written commitments and agreements (e.g., the Arhus Convention and related EU Directives) that have been established to ensure continued interaction with civil society. Tracing progress within EU circles and specific meetings, committees and various government sponsored interactions, this is an examination of how official access has been given for environmental interest groups to work within EU "round tables" of policymaking. In their new political space, the European Commission and the Parliament have created multiple decision-making networks, which has encouraged multitudes of lobbying groups to register in Brussels and to form grassroots coalitions.;Most European countries have never instituted civil society's direct participation beyond simple lobbying. In comparison to corporatist structures, such as Austria, or laissez-faire liberal regimes, such as the United Kingdom, the European Union, has created a powerfully dynamic, pluralistic governing body, favorably disposed to direct influence from the environmental movement. |
