| Since 1980, the number of grandmothers who have become surrogate parents for their grandchildren has risen dramatically. These caregivers deal with loss and trauma, and they require a broad range of financial, legal, and social services. But the prevailing definition of a normal family does not include those headed by grandparents, and their needs are often addressed inadequately. This research examines the characteristics and experience of grandparent-headed families from a theoretical perspective that takes the whole family into account as an interactive system (child, grandparent, and institutional context). The central questions are: Why do grandparents take in their grandchildren, and how do the children fare? And why do some families fare better than others?;A statewide survey of 77 grandmothers provided descriptive data on the study sample and was useful in developing the interview protocol. Focus groups at four survey sites helped to identify several overarching themes related to child's education and well being, use of services, and the grandparents' roles. Participants in two support groups in Boston and Worcester (N=22) were interviewed to explore these concerns.;Four similarities appeared among families who were faring well: good health of grandchild and grandmother; educational progress of the grandchild; no involvement with the juvenile justice system; and a sense of routine and structure in the home. The more successful grandmothers were resourceful, had more time available, appreciated the value of formal education, and knew how to find and use appropriate services.;As more grandmothers assume responsibility for their grandchildren, the policies and programs designed to support them should take into account the health and well-being of the entire family. Knowledge of factors that impact a grandparent's ability to raise grandchildren, such as barriers to programs and services and the adaptive strategies of those who overcome these barriers, will provide insight into better ways to meet the needs of this growing population. |
