Spanish exiles in New York: Constructing identities through the Spanish-language press (1930s-1940s)

Spanish Exiles in New York: Constructing Identities through the Spanish-Language Press (1930s-1940s) Throughout the 1930s and 1940s in New York City, three weekly newspapers Frente Popular (1937-1939), Espana Libre (1939-1975), Liberacion (1946-1949) and one monthly magazine Espana Nueva (1923-1973) were published by Spanish expatriates, Spanish Republican exiles, and Hispanic Organizations. They supported the Spanish Second Republic, the Loyalist faction at the time of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Republican refugees and exiles after the Loyalists lost the war. Similar to the projects of other immigrant newspapers, the Spanish immigrants and exiles emphasized a nation building mission, utilizing the discourse of Hispanismo to assert the preservation of the homeland's national identity. This dissertation argues that the shifting landscape of New York City led three of the publications Espana Nueva, Frente Popular, and Espana Libre to choose to defend their hegemonic Hispanic identity over their political projects, while the fourth publication Liberacion chose to maintain the politics of social justice inspired by the Second Republic and adopted a pan-ethnic identity in solidarity with all the Latinos(as) and other oppressed populations.