| This study examined the effect of macrosystem level community characteristics in alignment with the tenets of the ecological theory of human development on parolee recidivism, after controlling for criminogenic risk. The study sample included 311 parolees released from prison to parole during calendar year 2010. The parolee were serving sentences on burglary and grand theft convictions, and were supervised within one of the seven judicial districts in the state of Idaho upon release. The macrosystem level community characteristics specifically studied were average income level, average population density, average education level-high school diploma, and average education level-bachelor's degree. Using a quantitative, longitudinal research design, parolees were tracked from their date of release until December 31, 2013, and data regarding recidivism events were collected. Analyses were conducted using Cox regression and hazard ratio outcomes were calculated. Outcomes indicated no statistically significant impact of macrosystem level community characteristics of population density, average income level, average education level-high school graduate, and average education level bachelor's degree on study sample recidivism. |
