| A finite element procedure to evaluate stratified level ground response to multidirectional earthquakes is presented. The uniqueness of the procedure is that it solves the specific multidirectional problem with a one-dimensional approach. While the procedure is efficient and less troublesome in computation, it is rigorous because it is formulated on the basis of effective stress approach, vectored displacement, transient flow of pore water, and generalized material stiffness. There are three material models being integrated into this procedure: an elastic model for elastically behaved soils; a bounding surface clay model for cohesive soils; and a hypoplasticity model for granular materials. Because of its multidirectional nature, the procedure can handle both shear wave and compression wave simultaneously and predict not only pore water pressure response and horizontal motion but also vertical settlement. Applying the procedure, certain effects such as rotational type shear under K;Review of relevant literature and comments on future studies on the subject of site response to multidirectional earthquakes are also included. |
