| The emotion of anger has become an increasingly important part of clinical assessment. Weak theoretical conceptualizations of anger and poor psychometric assessment instruments have lead DiGiuseppe and Tafrate (2007) to propose a new model of disturbed anger and to develop the Anger Regulation and Expression Scale (ARES; DiGiuseppe & Tafrate, 2011), a comprehensive self-report assessment of the expression and regulation of anger in youth. Because anger is a basic emotion experienced by people in all cultures, the present study examined the conceptual framework and factor structure of the ARES, as comparing the United States and Israeli samples. Specifically, it examined the multidimensional aspects of anger on a cross-cultural level and explored whether the proposed model of anger generalizes to another language, culture, and ethnic/religious group. Results indicate that the higher and lower order factor structure of the ARES, as identified with an American population, was largely similar with an Israeli population. Differences occurred in the Rejection and Bullying Scales, as these scales did not yield adequate reliability coefficients or factor together as their own distinct scales for these constructs. T-tests revealed that Israelis endorse significantly greater degrees of anger than from Americans in the following areas: Total Anger, Internalizing Anger, Externalizing Anger, Extent of Anger, Subversion (Relational & Passive Aggression), Bitterness (Resentment & Suspiciousness), Anger-In, Bullying, Arousal (Cognitive & Physiological), Scope of Triggers, Problem Duration, and Verbal Expression. Americans endorse significantly greater Rejection than Israelis. These results suggest that the DiGiuseppe and Tafrate model of anger applies to an Israeli sample, except in the areas of Bullying as a motive for anger and Rejection being a trigger for anger.;Keywords: Anger Regulation and Expression Scale (ARES), anger, cross-culture, back-translation, linguistic equivalency, bilingual method. |
