URBAN GROWTH, MIGRATION, THE SECTORAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE LABOR FORCE, AND LABOR UTILIZATION IN KOREA, 1960-1970

This study explored and analyzed four interrelated sociodemographic and economic processes--urban growth, migration, the sectoral transformation of the labor force, and labor utilization--in the Republic of Korea between 1960 and 1970. The research is based on the 1 percent sample tape of the 1960 Korean Population Census, 1 and 10 percent sample tapes of the 1970 Korean Population Censuses, the published reports of the 1960 and 1970 Korean Population Censuses, and the Survey Report on Occupational Wages in 1970. Drawing upon the hypotheses posed in the theory of urban involution, but not limited to them, the exploration and analyses were carried out in a systematic way, beginning with univariate analysis of each of the four processes, through bivariate and trivariate analyses of interrelationships among the four processes, and concluding with multivariate analyses of labor utilization. Two unique features of this study are the inclusion of all four processes and of all urban areas of varying sizes. Most existing studies omit at least one of the four processes and when they include all four processes, the analyses were limited to several large urban areas.;Our analyses indicate that the sociodemographic and economic processes in Korea in the sixties did not exactly follow the path that many other developing countries followed.;Several analytic models were utilized in this study. Migration was analyzed in terms of five migration status groups--non-migrant, early, recent, chronic, and return migrant--and two migration types--the urban-urban and rural-urban migration. For the analysis of labor utilization, the labor utilization framework developed by P. M. Hauser was modified to fit the Korean data. The main feature of this model is differentiation of employment adequacy in terms of income, work duration, and the correspondence between levels of education and occupation. The industrial structure was examined in terms of six sector model developed by Browning and Singlemann. The six sectors are the extractive, transformative, distributive services, producer services, social services, and personal services sectors.