Determining the dynamic co-diffusion of four e-services using country-level panel data

Motivated by the slow diffusion of e-services in many countries in the world, and Rogers' call for researching related innovation as a cluster, this study examines the co-diffusion among e-services. To our knowledge this study is the first to examine the co-diffusion effects among e-services. It extends prior studies from the e-services diffusion literature, and the technology co-diffusion by examining co-diffusion among four e-services; e-banking, e-shopping, e-government, and e-learning. It also examined the co-diffusion mediation effects, moderation effects, and country-level factors' effects. Using panel data of 28 European countries, and applying dynamic GMM econometric technique, this study's findings were supporting the suggested hypotheses. The findings are discussed, and the conclusions, significant theoretical and practical implications of the findings, limitations, and recommendations for future research are presented.