Research On The Establishment Of Comparative Safety Science And Its Application

Abstract:From the view of discipline and methodology, CSS is studied based on the applications of comparative methods on safety science. Through the search work of documents which concerns safety science at home and abroad, it is found that the shortage existed in CSS's disciplinary system, basic theory and application model restricts the development of CSS.For the aim of establishing the theory and discipline system of CSS to standardize its application, to better the effects of comparative work, and to promot the development of safety science, explorations are given on the thoughts,theory, disciplinary system and research methods of safety science, comparative science, systemic science,comparative literature, comparative jurisprudence, comparative management science, comparative pedagogy and related disciplines,and then combining with comparison method, induction method, deduction method, historical method and analysis-syntheses method, it is concluded that CSS features three basic characteristics as follows:practical, cross-subject and instrumental, and then CSS's denotation and connotation, basic theory, discipline system, branch system and application model are studied. The specific study contents and conclusion are as follows:(1)Through the searching work of comparative method on safety fields at home and abroad, it is summarized that there are3questions that lies in safety comparative work of CSS:the unconstruction of disciplinary system, the shortage of basic theory system and the unification of application model.Due to the safety statistics of China and other developed countries,it is easily to see that there is a wide gape between them, so it is necessary to compare China with other developed countries to meet the development demand of safety science.The theoretical and practical value, also the main contents,methods and technical route of CSS is proposed.(2)Based on the explanation of safety sience, comparative methods and comparative science related phrases,from the view of discipline, definition of CSS is proposed and its connation and denotation is analyzed.Also it is summarized that CSS originates from comparative practice of safety science,that is,it is a cross discipline,and that it is the basic tool for safety research work.The methodology system and basic theory system is constructed to promote the development and the application of CSS.(3)Based on the nature of CSS and its research scope,taking safety science and comparative science as reference,the branch system of the CSS is constructed with following aspects:safety science theory, disaster, safety management, engineering and safety science.Meanwhile the corresponding study contents for each branch are elaborated. Based on above research, the framework is constructed to point out the route to CSS's research work.(4)According to practical demand of comparative work and referring related conception about comparative research work, the five main elements,that are comparative subject, comparative object, comparative target, research methods and results,are defined, also five other minor elements,that are comparative environment, comparative dimensions,comparative units,comparative standardation and comparative conclusion, are defined, also their nature, area and characteristics are anlyzed,and then a aerofoil model which describes their relation is framed to support CSS research with basic theory system.(5)The definition of comparative unit and comparative path and their nature are elaborated based on the nature of comparative object of CSS research.Combined with the dimensions of CSS,that are time dimension, spatial dimension and knowledge dimension, the classification of comparative unit and comparative path are proposed, the nine valid comparative pathes,that are "taking the spatial dimension of safety science as reference","taking the time dimension of safety science as reference","taking the knowledge dimension of safety science as reference","the same space-diachrony","the different space at some time-synchrony","the different space-diachrony","safety science-diachrony","the same time-interdisciplinary","interdisciplinary-diachrony","the same space-interdisciplinary","safety science-spatial","interdisciplinary-different space", are obtained. And then the nature and characteristic of comparative unit and path are dissected to support CSS research work.(6)Combined with the activeness of comparative subject, comparative cognitive activitiy is analyzed to construct comparative cognitive model.And then according to comparative process and practical demand of CSS,taking the three stages of comparative work, that is preparatory stage,analysis stage and conclusion stage,as the main line,combining with the four elements and comparative subject's cognitive behavior, the complicated comparative model and process for CSS is constructed systematically, also the effects of comparative environment on comparative subject, comparative process and comparative conclusion are considered to support the comparative practice of CSS.(7)Combining with comparative science,safety management and management science,definition of CSMS was put forward and its connotation was analyzed.The comparison dimensions,time and space dimensions and knowledge dimension of the CSMS were proposed.Also the research layers,structure and space were determined.Based on the four levels of organization's safety management, the research contents of CSMS were analyzed. The four-dimension methodology system which contains knowledge dimension, technical dimension, logic dimension and theoretical dimension is constructed, and then its specific methods are analyzed based on the process of comparative study. At last, the research paradigm to guide and promote the research work of the CSMS was established.(8)Combining with the comparative science,jurisprudence and safety jurisprudence,definition of the CSJ was put forward and its connotation was analyzed based on its own space characteristics.The comparison dimensions,time and space dimensions and knowledge dimension of the CSJ were proposed.Also the research layers,structure and space were determined.Accordingly the life cycle and the manage attribute of safety law, the horizontal branch systems and the vertical branch systems of CSJ were established.Based on the four aspects of safety law, the research contents of the CSJ were analyzed. The four-dimension methodology system was constructed, and then combining with the research characteristics of CSJ,its specific methods were analyzed based on the process of comparative study. At last, several comprehensive comparative paths,that is taking the norm comparative as started point, the function comparative as main contents and the culture comparative as supplement were constructed. By considering the social nature, disciplinary characteristics and practice characteristics of CSJ,a multi-level research model called as the norm-function-culture model was built to guide and promote the research work of the CSJ.(9)Based on the comparative science, SP and practices on comparative safety education,definition of CSP was put forward and its connotation was analyzed from the view of discipline.Also the elements which are the subject, object and dimension were analyzed.Based on the cross attribute of CSP,the multilevel framework, which takes the history as the base,the empirical analysis as the method and the multicultural analysis as the supplement, was put forward.Also the research process of CSP, that is the object-material-comparative-conclusion, was constructed based on the normal comparative work. At last, the comparative types and contents of CSP, including the theory, management, technology and practice of safety education, were put forward.At the same time,the illusions were analyzed.(10)Combined with comparative science, similarity systems engineering theory, safety systems engineering theory, the theory that safety systems are comparable,as well as the concept of comparability is expounded at first, also, definition of CSSES is presented and its connation is analyzed.Then the basic theory, comparative dimensions and comparative contents of CSSE are proposed; also its research procedure is analyzed. At last, the principle of CSSE is used to occupational hazard pre-assessment program and safety pre-assessment program. (11)Taking work safety standardization system and DuPont safety management system as comparative object, on basis of comparative model presented in above chapters, an detailed example of the whole comparative work is given as following:firstly, determining the basic elements of comparative work, analyzing its comparative dimensions, screening out the comparative path, then the comparative process is obtained; the specific comparative work referring to comparative paradigm presented in CSMS is progressed gradually (firstly, comparing two system's external conditions, then, comparing their contents, that is safety management theory, rules and culture, safety management elements, safety management method and technology);at last, comparative conclusion is achieved.