| Environmental regulation is an important way to achieve green economic growth.It will play an important basic role in the process of China's future high-quality economic development and the realization of "carbon neutrality" in 2060.As China's economy shifts from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality growth stage,the traditional green growth model of improving resource utilization and controlling pollution emissions can no longer cope with China's unbalanced and inadequate development status.Green growth at this stage emphasizes the goal of harmony between man and the natural environment,that is,promoting social equality,improving residents' welfare and environmental sustainability will all become important indicators of green growth.Under the condition that environmental regulations and green growth have similar environmental and welfare goals,can we promote green economic growth through environmental regulations? What is the relationship between environmental regulation and green growth? How can environmental regulations promote green growth? These extremely urgent practical issues need to be discussed in depth from the perspective of theory and policy.In this regard,this article draws on the combing and commenting on domestic and foreign classic theories and literature,based on the measurement of environmental regulation and green growth,and incorporates the environment,economic well-being and social equality into the analysis framework of this article,using a variety of measurement models,systematically analyzes the internal logic of the impact of environmental regulations on green growth.Based on specific environmental regulation policies,we will examine the true impact of China's environmental regulation on economic green growth.The specific research content,research methods and main research conclusions of the thesis are as follows:First of all,this article reviews the classic environmental regulation and economic growth theories,clarifies the theoretical connotation of environmental regulation and green growth,and clarifies the mechanism of environmental regulation affecting green growth.Based on the source of environmental governance,the use of environmental protection investment to measure environmental regulations.Based on the industrial waste water treatment rate,industrial sulfur dioxide removal rate,industrial smoke(dust)removal rate and general solid waste comprehensive utilization rate,the comprehensive index is calculated to express the intensity of pollution reduction,measured the level of environmental regulation from the end of environmental governance.At the same time,based on the types of environmental regulations,number of environmental protection laws and regulations,amount of pollution discharge fees,and number of environmental letters and visits respectively represent command-and-control,market-incentive,and voluntary environmental regulations.Furthermore,social well-being is included in the evaluation system of green growth,and measures the status and level of green growth from three dimensions of economic growth,environmental sustainability and social equality.Results are as follows: during the sample period,China's environmental protection investment,the number of environmental protection laws and regulations,the amount of pollution discharge fees,and the number of environmental letters and visits showed a fluctuating and rising trend,and the intensity of environmental regulations in the eastern,central and western regions showed a "high-medium-low" distribution pattern.The intensity of pollution reduction in the western,central and eastern regions of China has successively decreased,and the intensity of pollution reduction in the central and western regions is significantly higher than that in the eastern regions.The measurement results of the green growth level show that the overall green growth level of China during the sample period showed an upward trend,and the economic green growth levels between regions differed significantly,with the eastern,central and western regions showing a downward trend in sequence.Secondly,based on the aforementioned measurement results of environmental regulations and green growth levels,we use the spatial Dubin model(SDM)to analyze the direct effects and spatial spillover effects of environmental protection investment and pollution reduction intensity on green growth levels,and further analysis of the differences in the spatial characteristics of the impact of different types of environmental regulations on the green growth level.The estimation results of the SDM model show that: China's environmental protection investment and pollution reduction intensity can significantly improve the province's green growth level,and at the same time,it can also significantly improve the green growth level of neighboring areas through spillover effects;The command-controlled environmental regulations have shown a significant positive effect on the level of green growth in this province and neighboring provinces;Compared with the commandcontrolled environmental regulations,market-based environmental regulations have different characteristics of the spatial spillover of the green growth level,that is,market-based environmental regulations are not conducive to the improvement of the province's green growth level,and the positive spatial spillover effect on the green growth level of neighboring provinces should not be significant.This shows that the characteristics of the impact of different types of environmental regulations on green growth should be fully considered in the implementation process.Thirdly,one of the foundations for achieving green growth is to ensure environmental sustainability,improving the efficiency of green economy is the goal of China's future development.This paper supplements the dimension of environmentally sustainable green growth,uses the DEAMalmquist model to measure the efficiency of China's green economy,and builds a Panel Smooth Transfer Model(PSTR)to study the non-linear characteristics of environmental protection investment,pollution emission intensity,and different types of environmental regulations on the efficiency of green economy.Results are as follows: environmental protection investment,command-controlled environmental regulations and voluntary environmental regulations have always promoted the improvement of China's green economy efficiency,but this promotion effect has been continuously weakened as the intensity of environmental regulations increases;The impact of market-based environmental regulations of China's green economy,as the intensity of environmental regulations increases,shows a U-shaped characteristic of first restraining and then promoting.The impact of pollution reduction intensity on the efficiency of the green economy presents an "inverted U" shape;Further analysis revealed that most provinces in the eastern region have not crossed the threshold of the intensity of environmental regulation;about half of the provinces in the central region have exceeded the threshold of the intensity of environmental regulation;and most provinces in the west have already crossed the threshold,it means that China has an imbalance between provinces in terms of the intensity of environmental regulations.Fourthly,green growth belongs to the category of inclusive economic growth,and the fair and reasonable sharing the fruits of economic growth is the manifestation of full social equality.Based on the dimension of social equality,this paper uses the entropy method to calculate the social wellbeing of China in the process of green growth,and studies the intermediary effect of residents' health and employment in the process of environmental regulations affecting social well-being by constructing an intermediary effect model,and further contrasted the differences between of this effect in different regions.The test results show that in the process of environmental regulations affecting the living quality of residents,there are obvious regional differences in the mediating effects of residents' health expenditure and employment rate.From a nationwide perspective,environmental regulations have not significantly improved the living quality of residents,the reason is that the positive intermediary effect of environmental regulation by reducing residents' health expenditures and thus improving the living quality of residents is offset by the negative effect of environmental regulation by reducing the employment rate of the secondary industry and thereby reducing the living quality of residents.From a regional perspective,environmental regulations in the eastern and central regions significantly improve the living quality of residents by reducing residents' health expenditures and increasing the employment rate of the secondary industry,and the health of residents in the eastern and central regions plays a significant intermediary role in the process of environmental regulations affecting the employment rate of the secondary industry.However,environmental regulations in the western region have significantly reduced the living quality of residents and residents' health expenditures have not played an obvious intermediary effect,and the employment rate of the secondary industry has played a significant intermediary effect in the impact of environmental regulations on the living quality of residents.Finally,in order to objectively reflect the real impact of China's market incentive environmental regulations on green growth,we take the paid use and trading system of emission rights implemented in 2007 as a quasi-natural experiment,and use PSM-DID method to analyze the overall pollution reduction effect,sustainable pollution reduction effect of the paid use and trading system of emission rights on air pollution and wastewater pollution,and the impact of this system on green technology progress and green total factor productivity.The research shows that the implementation of the paid use and trading system of emission rights significantly reduces China's industrial wastewater discharge industrial chemical oxygen demand emissions,and industrial ammonia nitrogen emissions,it shows that the system is effective in reducing pollution emissions during the sample period;The paid use and trading system of emission rights has a continuous emission reduction effect on industrial sulfur dioxide and industrial chemical oxygen demand,but the emission reduction effect of industrial ammonia nitrogen is only manifested in the initial stage of the implementation of the system,it shows that compared with the sulfur dioxide emissions trading,the emission reduction effect of wastewater discharge rights trading is limited,this may indicate that the emission trading system should be more targeted in the treatment of waste gas and wastewater;At present,the implementation of the paid use and trading system of emission rights has not significantly promoted the development of green total factor productivity and green technology,it shows that the system is not significant for achieving green development goals in the short term.Objectively assessing the impact of environmental regulations on green growth is an important guarantee for China to formulate reasonable environmental governance policies,improve the wellbeing of residents,and achieve high-quality development at this stage.In this paper,we conduct theoretical exploration and a series of empirical studies on the impact of environmental regulations on green growth,supplementing the relevant research on environmental regulation and green growth in China.This article believes that the global economic development has entered the era of "green" competition.In the process of China's future economic development,China will actively develop green technology,build "green soft power",and dynamically adjust the coordination and unification of environmental regulations and green economic growth in the process of environmental changes.Only by strengthening the belief in environmental protection and building a green growth system under the new development concept,focusing on environmental protection and social equality,can we embark on a new green growth path that takes into account both efficiency and fairness. |
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