| As China’s economy enters the stage of high-quality development,effective governance of environmental pollution and coordinated improvement of the efficiency of green development are two major problems that need to be solved at present,which are related to national security,people’s well-being and the overall situation of high-quality economic development.How to effectively coordinate environmental pollution control and improve the efficiency of green development is a severe challenge faced by all regions in formulating environmental regulation policies.This article from the government,enterprises and the public more subject to participate in perspective,the government,market-oriented and the social public environmental regulation effect on the efficiency of the green development effect,helps to form various work environment pollution,improve the efficiency of the green development pattern,is subject to participate in the perspective of environmental governance system more effective.It can provide policy reference for China to achieve high-quality economic development in the new era.Based on the background of high-quality development of China’s economy and the deficiencies of existing research,this paper expands in the following three aspects: First of all,from the perspective of multi-subject participation of the government,enterprises and the public,the government,enterprises and the public are simultaneously included into the endogenous growth framework,the mathematical mechanism of environmental regulations affecting green development efficiency is discussed,the influence channels of different types of environmental regulations on green development efficiency are analyzed,and the research hypothesis is proposed.Secondly,based on the data of 278prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2017,this paper comprehensively studies the impact of governmental,market-based and public environmental regulations on green development efficiency by using a variety of analysis tools,including spatial simultaneous equation model,difference in difference method and instrumental variables,and tests its influence mechanism.Thirdly,this paper uses spatial econometric model to analyze the contribution of government,market and public environmental regulations to the efficiency of green development.This paper aims to provide theoretical support and policy reference for the formulation of environmental regulation policies,environmental pollution control and the improvement of green development efficiency from the perspective of multi-agent participation.Firstly,this paper constructs the endogenous growth model of three sectors,including households,manufacturers and government,theoretically discusses the impact of environmental regulation on green development from the perspective of multi-agent participation,and analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the impact of governmental,marketbased and public environmental regulation on green development efficiency respectively.The conclusion of the mathematical model shows that environmental regulation with the participation of government,enterprises and the public can promote the improvement of green development efficiency.Among them,due to the impact of "compliance cost effect","competition to the bottom effect" and "pollution paradise effect",the government environmental regulation has restrained the improvement of green development efficiency in the short term.Market-based environmental regulations promote the efficiency of green development through "innovation-driven effect" and "foreign direct investment effect".The Impact of Public Environmental Regulation on the Efficiency of Green Development Through "Innovation-driven Effect" and "Environmental Pollution Control Effect",the efficiency of green development can be improved.The game theory analysis of the three kinds of environmental regulations shows that no environmental regulations can act on the green development efficiency alone,and the formation of environmental regulation joint force under the perspective of multi-agent participation is the result of multi-party game,and the environmental regulation joint force has a profound impact on the green development efficiency.Secondly,this paper constructed the space simultaneous equation model to study the type government environmental regulation and green development efficiency of spatial interaction effect,the study found that the type government environment regulation spatial lag item estimated coefficients are negative,geographic distance weighting under environmental regulation of spatial lag of estimated coefficients by significance test,shows that environmental regulation reverse spatial spillover effect obviously,If one region sets high environmental regulation,other regions tend to set low environmental regulation level.The estimation coefficient of the spatial lag term of green development efficiency is positive and the significance level test is passed,which indicates that there is a significant spatial spillover feature of green development efficiency,showing the result of "one flourishing,one losing".Simultaneous equations model regression results show that the three kinds of spatial weight,green development efficiency of environmental regulation of regression coefficient is positive,it shows that green development efficiency,promoting the improvement of the level of environmental regulation,green development impact on environmental regulation efficiency mainly through the "income effect","resource allocation effect","ratchet effect" impact on environmental regulation.Environmental regulation on green development efficiency of negative regression results,three types of space under the weight of regression coefficient significantly negative,indicating that the government type environmental regulation efficiency significantly reduces the green development,the government type environmental regulation reduces the efficiency of green development mainly through the compliance costs hypothesis"pollution haven hypothesis" spatial spillover effect "under the bottom of the competition reduces the efficiency of green development level.Thirdly,this paper constructs a difference in difference model to empirically investigate the impact of market-based environmental regulations on the efficiency of green development.First of all,this article will emissions trading policy as a natural experiment,using the data of Chinese cities,using double difference method the market-oriented environmental regulation effect to evaluate the effect of the policy of green economic efficiency,second,the PSM-DID method on the green development of emission trading pilot robustness inspection efficiency effect,Regardless of whether the time fixed effect and individual fixed effect are controlled,the estimated coefficients of the policy variables are all positive,which indicates that the emission trading policy can significantly promote the efficiency of green development.Theoretical mechanism analysis shows that technological innovation is an important channel for emission trading pilot to influence the efficiency of green development.Therefore,this paper constructs a mediating effect model,taking technological innovation as the mediating variable and moderating variable,and conducts an empirical test on the theoretical mechanism of emission trading policy influencing the efficiency of green development.The results show that technological innovation plays a "mediating role" in the mechanism through which emissions trading affects the efficiency of green development,and this paper supports the "Porter Hypothesis".When technological progress is taken as the moderating variable,the regression coefficient is significantly positive,indicating that the improvement of technological progress can strengthen the impact of emission trading pilot on the efficiency of green development.In this paper,the synthetic control method was used to analyze the heterogeneity of market-oriented environmental regulations on green development efficiency.Jiangsu,Tianjin,Chongqing,Zhejiang,Inner Mongolia and other provinces have obvious green development efficiency effects.In emissions trading policy prior to the implementation of the synthesis of the evolution of the provinces with the actual province trend is the same,and synthetic provinces with the actual province green development efficiency is almost completely overlap,the evolution trend of this shows that the per capita gross domestic product efficiency,energy efficiency,green development,population density,volume of the following factors,such as prediction variables can make synthetic provinces no systematic differences with the actual province,It solves the problem that it is difficult to find suitable control group for quasi-natural experiment.Fourthly,this paper constructs a difference in difference model to empirically investigate the impact of public environmental regulations on the efficiency of green development.The implementation of the Environmental Information Disclosure Measures（Trial）is regarded as a quasi-natural experiment.Based on the panel data of Chinese cities,the policy effects of public environmental regulations on the efficiency of green economy are evaluated by using the differential method.The empirical results show that the impact of social public environmental regulations on urban green economic efficiency is positive and has passed the significance test,indicating that social public environmental regulations can significantly promote urban green economic efficiency.Whether using PSM-DID method or instrumental variable analysis method,the impact of social public environmental regulation on urban green economic efficiency has a strong robustness.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of public environmental regulation on green economic efficiency in the eastern region is greater than that in the central and western regions.In cities with high environmental regulation intensity,the impact of social public environmental regulation on green economic efficiency is weak,while in cities with low environmental regulation intensity,the impact of social public environmental regulation on green economic efficiency is stronger.As a soft constraint for the public,environmental information disclosure in regions with higher environmental regulations has a lower impact on the efficiency of green economy.The impact of public environmental regulation on the green economic efficiency of cities with low innovation level is the largest,while the impact on cities with high innovation level is small.This indicates that the cities with low innovation level are more sensitive to the stimulus of external policies due to their poor innovation ability.When in the low level of economic development,the social public type of environmental regulation on the efficiency of the green economy influence coefficient is positive,but didn’t pass the significance level inspection,when at a high level of economic development,the social public regulation on green economic efficiency coefficient is the type of environment and by significance test,shows that when the economic development level is higher,Public environmental regulation can significantly promote the improvement of green economy efficiency.The mechanism analysis shows that the public environmental regulation improves the efficiency of green economy by promoting the "innovation-driven effect" and the "environmental pollution control effect".Finally,this paper constructs a spatial econometric model to study the contribution of governmental,market-based and public environmental regulations to the efficiency of green development under the consideration of spatial spillover effect.Whether the total number of environmental protection laws and regulations is adopted or the total number of environmental regulations is adopted,the impact of government-type environmental regulations on green development efficiency is always positive,which means that the implementation of government-type environmental regulations improves the green development efficiency.The contribution coefficient of social public environmental regulations to green development efficiency is significantly positive,which indicates that social public environmental regulations can effectively promote the improvement of green development efficiency.The impact of social public environmental regulations on green development efficiency is mainly realized through "innovation-driven effect" and "environmental pollution control effect".Public supervision can form public opinion pressure on the government and enterprises,forcing enterprises to adjust production process and technology in a timely manner,and promoting the improvement of green development efficiency.Market-oriented coefficient of significant contribution to the environmental regulation on the efficiency of the green development is positive,this suggests that the market-oriented to promote the efficiency of environmental regulation can promote green development,market-oriented environmental regulation mainly emissions trading policy as the main tool,by "the market benefit induction effect" "innovation driven effect" and so on positive impact on the green development efficiency.By comparing the government,marketoriented and the social public environmental regulation’s contribution to the green development efficiency,we found that the social public model the influence of environmental regulation on green development efficiency is higher than the government environmental regulation and market-oriented environmental regulation effect on the efficiency of the green development,it shows that with high quality development stage of China’s economic development,the social public’s environmental protection consciousness gradually strengthened,Enhance the efficiency of green development through "environmental governance effect" and "innovationdriven effect". |
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