Construction And Performance Of Self-powered Nano Energy Sensing System On Triboelectric Effect

The development of human civilization is inseparable from the consumption of fossil energy.Excessive consumption of traditional fossil energy leads to the global energy crisis and severe environmental problems.The utilization of renewable clean energy brings new opportunities for the global sustainable development strategy.As an abundant and widely distributed environmentally friendly renewable energy,wind energy is considered one of the most promising new energy sources to replace fossil energy to ease the energy crisis and environmental pollution.Wind power towers could scavenge wind energy and convert it into electricity.The traditional wind power tower possesses disadvantages of occupying a large area,remote distribution,loud noise,and high cost,limiting the application and placement of wind power towers in cities.It is necessary to develop a new technology to scavenge wind energy widely in our daily life efficiently.The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence is inseparable from various types of sensors.Commercial sensors' development hardly advances without external power supply units,resulting in the limited life of sensors and environmental pollution.The construction of self-powered sensors will inject new vitality into the rapid development of the Internet of Things.In recent years,nano energy devices based on triboelectric effect have attracted extensive attention.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)possesses characteristics of lightness,portability,low production cost,low starting wind speed,changeable structure,etc.This paper builds wind-driven nano energy sensing systems based on the triboelectric effect and obtained self-powered sensor systems without external power supply based on TENG with high output.Fabricated devices can efficiently collect wind energy in the environment and could be also employed as sensors to make an efficient and sensitive response to stress,strain,distance,or other physical quantities.Firstly,we fabricated a self-powered pressure sensor system by integrating a winddriven TENG and an elastic conductive PI/rGO foam based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction.A polyimide/reduced graphite oxide(rGO)foam with excellent conductivity,compressibility was prepared by a two-step preparation process(freezingdrying and thermal annealing).The foam was utilized as a pressure-sensitive unit and was integrated into a vertical contact separated wind-driven TENG.The device presents various stress sensing scopes and sensitivities when adopting different heights of foams.The TENG could deliver an output of 130 V-7.5 ?A with a sufficient contact area of 100 mm × 15 mm and elastic foam with the size of 14 mm × 14 mm × 30 mm.The pressure sensor's output voltage and current increase with pressure increase and could realize pressure detection under a wide range of external stress(0-30 N).Secondly,we developed a stretchable TENG for wind energy scavenging and strain sensor.Flexible membranes of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-graphene and polydimethylsiloxane-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)were prepared by the vacuum filtration method and was used to construct a stretchable TENG.The output signal can significantly improve by stretching the TENG under the wind,applying a stretched strain from 0% to 70%,the current/voltage of TENG increased from 40 V/1.5 ?A to 28 V/7.2?A,the power of the TENG also increases from 0.021 m W by 680% to 0.164 m W.The flexible TENG can be employed as a wind energy harvester to convert wind into electrical energy and charge commercial capacitors and be used as an ultra-sensitive strain sensor with great response.Finally,we constructed an intelligent pipe monitoring system based on wind-driven wireless TENG.Driven by the wind of 18 m/s,the wireless TENG can deliver an output signal of 121.0 V-4.4 ?A at the receiving distance of 1.5 cm and obtain an electrical signal of 8.0 V-0.7 ?A when the receiving distance increased to 10 cm.The wireless TENG can transmit electric energy over a long distance and has excellent wireless power transmission and distance sensing potential.A series of wireless TENG was installed in a pipeline at different positions.They could monitor the presence,position,and placement of obstacles in a pipe,showing excellent application prospects in the gas pipeline.In conclusion,wind-driven self-powered sensor systems are constructed by selecting nanomaterials and structural design of TENG.The function of converting the wind energy into electrical output and sensing response to physical parameters could be realized simultaneously,providing ideas for developing self-powered nano energy systems based on renewables.