| Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),a small-sized self-powered energy harvesting device,can convert mechanical energy from environment or human movement into electrical energy,which has great application potential in wearable devices,implanted electronic devices,etc.However,traditional triboelectric nanogenerators are mainly made by metal materials and synthetic polymer materials,which have problems such as poor biocompatibility and low biodegradability.Cellulose is currently the most commonly triboelectric positive material for biomass-based TENGs with good film-forming properties and mechanical properties.However,due to the large number of hydroxyl groups in the chemical structure of cellulose,the output of TENG using pure cellulose as the tribo-positivity material was relatively low.Lignin contains a large amount of alkane groups,which make lignin has better tribo-positivity than cellulose.However,since lignin can hardly form a film alone,it is difficult to apply lignin to TENGs directly.In this paper,nanocellulose(CNF)and lignin were used to prepare a lignin nanocellulose composite film(AC),which was applied to the positive friction layer of the TENG.Furthermore,lignin was modified by quaternization and Fenton oxidation to enhance the electron donating/withdrawing ability respectively,thereby enhancing the triboelectric positivity and negativity of the film.The all-biomass-based TENG was fabricated Finally.The specific research content is as follows.lignin/nanocellulose composite film(AC),prepared by nanocellulose and alkali lignin,was assembled with polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)to build AC-PTFE TENG.The influence of AL on the output performance of TENG was also researched by adjusting the weight ratio of CNF and AL.The result showed that the triboelectric positivity of AC film was significantly higher than pure CNF film.As the content of AL increased,the output voltage of TENG increased.While the content of AL increased to 60wt%,the best performance of AC-PTFE TENG was gotten.The output voltage reached up to 81.4V,while the power density can reach4.85 m W/m~2,which was almost 50%higher than that of pure CNF film.Furthermore,several AC-PTFE TENG units were placed on the under the insole to form a detector array.This array successfully monitored the motion state of the human body,which was expected to be used in fields such as walking posture correction.In order to enhance the electron donating/withdrawing ability of lignin,lignin was modified by etherification reaction and Fenton oxidation to prepare quaternary ammonium lignin(QAL)and oxidized lignin(OAL)respectively.QAL@CNF films(QC)and OAL@CNF films(OC)were prepared by modified lignin and CNF.They were used as the triboelectric positive and negative materials of the TENG to realize the goal that all friction layer materials were made by biomass-based materials.According to the experiment result,it was proved that QC films had stronger triboelectric positivity than AC films,while OC films had triboelectric negativity.The output voltage and power density of the TENG assembled by QC films and OC films can reach 230.2 m V and 10.15 n W/m~2 respectively.Furthermore,it was researched that the TENG was used as a self-powered quality response sensor to monitor the load of driving vehicles. |
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