| Global warming is one of the important challenges for human society and tackling climate change has become a global consensus.The large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology has practical significance for the clean and efficient use of fossil energy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.As the technology has the characteristics of multiple sections,wide scope and long period,whether the carbon capture and storage network can be comprehensively planned and strengthen the ability to resist uncertain factors will not only seriously affect the relevant decisions of CCS projects,but also affect China’s carbon peak and carbon neutral plan.With the development of the theory of chemical process systems engineering,the comprehensive research of carbon capture and storage network has important theoretical significance and practical application value from the perspective of economy,environment,and risk.Most of the existing research are limited to separately integrating the carbon capture network and the carbon storage network.The step-by-step integration method splits the coupling and synergy between the various links of carbon capture and storage technology;no detailed design research based on the entire process has been carried out.And it is limited to research under certain conditions;it does not fully consider the environmental impact of the carbon capture and storage network,which makes it impossible to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the network design.Therefore,this article first explores the feasibility and effectiveness of the carbon source-sink direct matching method that couples the carbon capture process and the carbon storage process.Then,based on risk management technology,a multiobjective optimization method of both economy and risk performance is conducted.Then we propose a multi-level carbon capture and storage supply chain network optimization method including unit-process-supply chain.Last a multi-period network optimization method is developed.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)In order to solve the problem that the operating time of each process in the integration of carbon capture and storage networks is fixed and not completely overlapped,this paper fully considers the coupling relationship between the carbon capture process and the carbon storage process.The simultaneous synthesis method of the network uses three types of 0-1 binary variables to assist in expressing the operational time of each process and establishes a mixed integer linear programming model with the maximum CO2 storage capacity as the objective function,which solves the carbon source-carbon sink matching scheduling optimization problem.The method proposed in this paper is used to solve the example in the literature and the stored CO2 is increased by 12.59%compared with the literature.This method intuitively clarifies the impact of the coupling relationship between the carbon capture process and the carbon storage process and realizes the one-to-one matching and structural design between the carbon source and the carbon sink.The foundation has been laid for comprehensive research on process carbon capture and storage networks.(2)As a policy tool,carbon tax has a synergistic effect on emission reduction with carbon capture and storage technology.In order to solve the problem of how decision makers implement optimal emission reduction strategies in the face of fluctuations in carbon tax prices,this paper establishes a scenario-based two-stage stochastic model,which can achieve the synergy of carbon tax policy and carbon capture and storage technology under uncertain conditions.The results of the example show that the total cost is distributed between 344.94×108 $ and 954.91×108 $,and the resulting network structure has a poor ability to resist risks from uncertain factors.Therefore,in order to reduce the risk of carbon tax price fluctuations on the network,this paper introduces risk management technology to quantify the risks caused by uncertainty and establishes a mathematical model that can optimize economic and risk goals simultaneously.This method can realize the carbon capture and storage network design under uncertain conditions and obtain a series of Pareto optimal solutions that compromise between cost and risk.(3)This thesis designs the entire process of carbon capture and storage network from a comprehensive perspective.First,a multi-level carbon capture and storage network superstructure based on supply chain methodology is established.This superstructure regards CO2 as a product to combine carbon sources,capture technologies,capture materials,CO2 transportation network,CO2 utilization method,CO2 storage method and other processes in series,forming a multi-level technology combination that spans the unit-process-supply chain.According to the proposed superstructure,a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model with the minimum total annual cost as the objective function is established.The example shows that the total annual cost of the method in this paper is 5.5%lower than that of the literature method,the capture cost is reduced by 0.7%,the transportation cost is reduced by 29.6%,and the degree of reduction of various costs increases with the increase of the emission reduction level.On the other hand,this paper proposes a reference system based on the life cycle assessment theory,evaluates the environmental impact of carbon capture and storage networks,and establishes a multi-objective optimization model that can weigh the total annual cost and environmental impact simultaneously.According to the preferences of decision makers,a series of Pareto optimal solutions that compromise between economy and environmental performance are obtained.(4)On the basis of the single period optimization method,the time dimension is introduced to reflect the emission reduction requirements at different stages in the multi-period design problem.By establishing the configuration strategy of the facilities and pipelines of each link between the periods and the correlation that characterizes the dynamic evolution of the network structure,a comprehensive multi-period carbon capture and storage network method is proposed,and a mixed integer linear model mathematical model with the minimum average total annual cost of each period of the carbon capture and storage network as the objective function is established to achieve the optimal network structure with the dynamic change of the period.In response to the fluctuations of internal and external factors during the design period,this paper considers the emissions of carbon source,the storage capacity of sinks,the utilization of utilization sinks,carbon tax prices,government subsidies,etc.,as uncertain factors.Through scenarios analysis method 27 scenarios are generated to express uncertainty by generating benchmark scenarios,optimistic scenarios,and pessimistic scenarios for random variables.Last a mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model based on scenarios is proposed to solve the uncertainty optimization problem.Through multi-period optimization and stochastic optimization,a carbon capture and storage network that can withstand fluctuations in internal and external uncertainties is realized. |
