The Impact Of Environmental Regulation On Green Total Factor Productivity Of Pig Breeding Industry

For a long time,the economic growth of China's pig breeding industry has mainly relied on the intensive input of capital,labor and other factors.Although the total economic volume has continued to increase,the profit level has been low and the resource and environmental constraints have been increasing.Thus,China's pig breeding industry urgently needs to carry out power transformation and green transformation,and shift from the traditional extensive economic growth mode to a new intensive economic growth mode to promote green economic growth oriented with GTFP improvement.Environmental regulation,as an important mechanism to promote the coordinated development among resource,environment and economy,has caused extensive concern in both theoretical and practical circle.The existed literature found that industrial environmental regulation can effectively achieve environmental effect,but holds different views on whether economic effect can be achieved.Unlike industry,the production and management of pig breeding is cyclical and fluctuating,and environmental pollution manifests itself as surface-source pollution.Thus,the evidence on industrial environmental regulation is not apply to pig breeding industry.In view of the above,this paper explores the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP of pig breeding industry systematically and comprehensively.The main content can be summarized into four parts: the first part is the problem formulation to build a research framework.The second part is theoretical research,including theoretical foundation,literature review,concept definition,theoretical evolution and model construction.The third part is empirical study,including current situation analysis and metrics analysis.The focus of measurement analysis is to explore the impact of the intensity of environmental regulation at the overall level and the different types of environmental regulation institutions at the specific level on the GTFP of the pig breeding industry.The fourth part is the conclusion and policy implication.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The growth level of GTFP of the pig breeding industry is low,the growth momentum is insufficient,and the growth difference is obvious.However,the pertinence,incentive and flexibility of environmental regulations are insufficient,resulting in a clear dissonance and mismatch between environmental regulation and the GTFP of the pig breeding industry.And to be specific,firstly,the cost and earning of the pig breeding industry are rising volatility,but the net profit and profit rate of cost are at a low.Secondly,the accumulation of environmental pollution of the pig breeding industry is accelerating,but the rate of accumulation of environmental pollution has decreased in recent years.Thirdly,the GTFP of the pig breeding industry is in slow growth,the motivation lies in green technological progress,the contribution of green technological efficiency is relatively limited,and there are significantly differences in the aspects of scales and regions.Finally,the policy evolution of the environmental regulation of the pig breeding industry includes the legal formulation stage,the standard formulation stage,the planning formulation stage and the regulation strengthening stage.It is currently in the process of reform,and there are problems of insufficient pertinence,insufficient incentives and insufficient flexibility.It can be seen that there is a clear dissonance and mismatch between environmental regulation and GTFP of the pig breeding industry,and it is urgent to optimize the environmental regulation tools to better promote the green economic growth of the pig breeding industry.(2)The intensity of environmental regulation has a significant promoting effect on the GTFP of the pig breeding industry,which is mainly realized by promoting the growth of green technological progress,and the contribution of green technological efficiency is relatively limited.Firstly,the coefficient on environmental regulation intensity is significantly positive for GTFP of the pig breeding industry,indicating that the environmental regulation intensity can effectively promote the GTFP growth.Secondly,the coefficient on the green technical efficiency is not statistically significant,while the coefficient on the green technical progress is significantly positive,which shows that environmental regulatory intensity can promote the growth of GTFP of the pig breeding industry by promoting the growth of green technical progress.(3)There is a significant positive spillover effect of environmental regulatory intensity on the promotion on GTFP of the pig breeding industry.Firstly,the Moran indexes of GTFP and environmental regulatory intensity are significantly positive,indicating the significant positive spatial correlation between environmental regulatory intensity and GTFP.Secondly,the coefficient on spatially lagged dependent variable for GTFP is significantly positive,indicating the significant positive spillover effects on GTFP,i.e.,the growth of GTFP in one region can significantly contribute to neighboring regions.Thirdly,the spatial autoregressive coefficient on environmental regulatory intensity is significantly positive for GTFP of the pig breeding industry,indicating the significant positive spillover effect of environmental regulatory intensity on GTFP,i.e.,the increase of environmental regulatory intensity in one region can significantly promote the neighboring areas.(4)The institution of forbidden area has a positive significant effect on the GTFP of pig breeding industry.While this effect is relatively limited and heterogeneous.Firstly,the institution can significantly promote GTFP of pig breeding industry.Secondly,it can it can significantly promote the growth of green technological progress,but not promotes green technological efficiency,which shows that this institution mainly promotes the growth of GTFP by green technological progress.Thirdly,the promotion effect is more significant in southern and lower scale region.(5)The institution of EIA has a positive significant effect on the GTFP of pig breeding industry.While the effect is relatively limited and heterogeneous.Firstly,the institution can significantly promote GTFP of pig breeding industry.Secondly,it can it can significantly promote the growth of green technological progress,but not promotes green technological efficiency,which shows that this institution mainly promotes the growth of GTFP by green technological progress.Thirdly,the promotion effect is more significant in areas with higher degree of environmental decentralization and lower degree of fiscal decentralization.(6)The institution of Environmental tax has a positive significant effect on the GTFP of pig breeding industry.Moreover,this effect is strong and heterogeneous.Firstly,the institution can significantly promote GTFP of pig breeding industry.Second,it can significantly promote both the growth of green technological progress and green technological efficiency,indicating that this institution can simultaneously promote the growth of GTFP by the growth of green technological progress and the improvement of green technological efficiency.Thirdly,the effect is more significant in areas with better market environment and higher capital stock.(7)The institution of emission permit has a positive significant effect on the GTFP of pig breeding industry.Moreover,this effect is strong and heterogeneous.Firstly,the institution can significantly promote GTFP of pig breeding industry.Second,it can significantly promote both the growth of green technological progress and green technological efficiency,indicating that this institution can simultaneously promote the growth of GTFP by the growth of green technological progress and the improvement of green technological efficiency.Thirdly,the effect is more significant in areas with better market environment and higher degree of environmental decentralization.In summary,both the intensity of environmental regulation at the overall level and the different types of environmental regulation institutions at the specific level have an important positive impact on the GTFP of the pig breeding industry,but there are also some problems.Therefore,environmental regulation institutions should be optimized to promote green economic growth of the pig breeding industry in the following aspects.(1)Reasonably use environmental regulation combination institutions by implementing different environmental regulation combination institutions to suit local conditions.(2)Build linkage mechanism for environmental regulation among regions by establishing a pilot and synergistic mechanism to better achieve the linkage.(3)Implement the institution of forbidden area in line with the local circumstances,and reasonably divide the no-breeding zones considering the condition of regions and scales.(4)Gradually adjust the institution of environmental impact assessment,including gradually extending the scope and improving the flexibility using environmental decentralization mechanisms and fiscal centralization mechanisms.(5)Promote environmental tax,including implementing progressively increasing environmental tax rates and increasing the incentive effect of environmental tax with market-oriented construction and capital investment.(6)Accelerated promote the institution of emission permit,including improving the trading mechanism of emission permit and increasing the incentive effect of emission permit by market-oriented construction and environmental decentralization mechanisms.