Impact Of Transfer Payment In Key Ecological Function Areas On Green Poverty Reduction

Since the industrial revolution,the level of science and technology has been continuously improved,the ability of human beings to use and transform nature has also been continuously enhanced,and social productivity has been rapidly developed.However,in the process of rapid economic development,human beings have neglected the natural carrying capacity of the ecological environment.The over-utilization of natural resources and the excessive discharge of pollutants have caused great damage to the ecological environment and triggered a global ecological crisis.The greenhouse effect,destruction of the ozone layer,acid rain,grassland degradation,soil erosion and desertification have brought huge threats to human survival and development,forcing people to find a sustainable development path that is coordinated with economy,society and environment.Green development and poverty reduction are the prerequisites and paths for achieving sustainable development goals.This is not only a sustainable goal of the international community,but also the top priority of all countries in the world.In 2020,China has achieved a comprehensive poverty alleviation under the existing standards,but the development is unbalanced and the regional differences are obvious.It is a long way to reduce relative poverty.The functional positioning of the national key ecological function zones to help ecological products restrict large-scale and high-intensity industrialization and urbanization development,leading to backward economic development and poverty.There is a serious relative poverty,and it may return to poverty at any time.Based on the interaction of poverty and ecological deterioration,in order to prevent key ecological function zones from falling back into the vicious circle of "destruction of the ecology-tendency to poverty-destruction-more poverty",and to achieve sustainable economic development and sustainable supply of ecological products,it is necessary to implement green poverty reduction and promote the coordinated development of environmental protection and poverty reduction.Finance is an effective means to promote green poverty reduction.In order to effectively guide the local governments in key ecological function zones to protect the environment and improve people's livelihood,and promote the sustainable development of economy and society,China has established the financial transfer payment system of key ecological function zones.The transfer payment of national key ecological function zones is an organic combination of ecological compensation policy and transfer payment policy.Although it has the policy goal of environmental protection,it is a large-caliber balanced transfer payment.The central government does not specify the specific use of funds,and the local government has greater autonomy in the use.As the largest regional ecological compensation policy in China,what role has the transfer payment of key ecological function zones played in the field of green poverty reduction?Has it effectively promoted green poverty reduction? What is the degree of policy effect and fund scale effect? To answer the above question,this paper is based on the fact that Jiangxi Province is one of the four provinces in the national ecological civilization construction pilot area,which has strong ecological comparative advantages in mountain,water,forest,field,lake and grass,is a well-known old revolutionary area and underdeveloped area,and belongs to one of the main battlefields of national poverty alleviation.Taking Jiangxi Province as a sample source and a real case,this paper makes an in-depth study on the green poverty reduction effect of transfer payment in key ecological function zones by using theoretical analysis and empirical research methods,so as to provide beneficial research results and policy suggestions for promoting green poverty reduction,realizing sustainable economic development and sustainable supply of ecological products,and vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization.The full text is divided into five parts,the specific research content is as follows.Firstly,this paper analyzes the mechanism of transfer payment in key ecological function zones affecting green poverty reduction,and puts forward the research hypothesis.The results show that:(1)The transfer payment of key ecological function zones can promote economic poverty reduction by directly subsidizing poor residents and promoting the development of ecological industry.(2)Improve the supply level of public services by increasing social expenditure.(3)Increase environmental protection expenditure,strengthen environmental governance,and reduce the generation of pollutants by weakening industrial development incentives,to improve the quality of ecological environment.Economic poverty reduction,public service supply and environmental protection will interact.Secondly,the paper sets up the index system of green poverty reduction index from three dimensions of economic poverty reduction,public service and environmental protection,calculates the green poverty reduction index and three sub-dimension indexes of 80 counties(cities and districts)in Jiangxi Province from 2001 to 2018,analyzes their spatial and temporal differences.The results show that both the green poverty reduction index and the three sub-dimension indexes of Jiangxi Province have increased overall,but the regional differentiation is obvious.Thirdly,taking the transfer payment policy of key ecological function zones as an exogenous impact,constructing a quasi-natural experiment,and taking the data of 80counties(cities,districts)in Jiangxi Province from 2001 to 2018 as samples,using multi-phase double difference model to empirically analyze the impact of transfer payment policy in key ecological function areas on green poverty reduction index.Then,using the 2009—2018 data of 60 enjoying transfer payment areas in Jiangxi Province as samples,the panel regression model was used to analyze the impact of transfer payment scale on green poverty reduction index.The results show that:(1)The impact of transfer payment policy on the green poverty reduction index is significantly positive,and the promotion effect is persistent.The longer the policy implementation time is,the more obvious the promotion effect is.(2)The scale of transfer payment in key ecological function zones has a significant positive linear effect on the green poverty reduction index,and the larger the scale of transfer payment is,the higher the green poverty reduction index is.Fourthly,the multi-stage double difference model and panel regression model are used to analyze the impact of transfer payment policy and scale of key ecological function areas on poverty reduction index,public service index and environmental protection index,and the simultaneous equation model is constructed to analyze the interaction among economic poverty reduction,public service and environmental protection.The multi-stage difference model shows that the transfer payment policy of key ecological function areas has a significant positive impact on economic poverty reduction index,public service index and environmental protection index.The panel regression model shows that there is an inverted "U" relationship between the economic poverty reduction index and the transfer payment scale of key ecological function zones,the transfer payment scale of key ecological function zones has a significant positive linear effect on the supply of public services and the environmental protection index.The regression results of simultaneous equation model show that there is a significant mutual promotion relationship between economic poverty reduction and public service supply;there is a significant mutual promotion relationship between economic poverty reduction and environmental protection;there is a significant mutual promotion relationship between public service supply and environmental protection.Fifthly,it summarizes the research conclusions of this paper,and puts forward policy suggestions to improve the transfer payment system of key ecological function zones and promote green poverty reduction.It mainly includes seven aspects:(1)Supporting the long-term implementation of the transfer payment policy of key ecological function zones.(2)Moderately expanding the transfer payment subsidy strength and scope of key ecological function zones.(3)Improving the supervision,assessment,incentive and restraint mechanism of transfer payment funds.(4)Standardizing the use of transfer payment funds.(5)Organically combining with other transfer payments to promote green poverty reduction.(6)Establishing a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism with project cooperation and labor export as the main way.(7)Developing characteristic ecological industries based on ecological advantages and resource endowments.