Analysis And Protection On Historical Landscape Environment Of Northern Manchu Residences

Chinese historical towns are numerous and residential buildings around China have thedistinctive and world-famous art features. In addition to having beautiful natural environment,these towns also contain a splendid history and culture of the Chinese nation, and are affectedby mode of production and life for thousands of years of farming community. Besides, theycreate a people's indifference to historical remains, together with the changes of dynasties andwith making general reforms, many ancient cities and buildings are destroyed, which makethe ancient cities and ancient buildings currently preserved in China are more valuable.The development of towns is concentrated human civilization and wisdom, differenttowns have their different historical and cultural traditions and development track. As thecarriers of culture, residential buildings and urban and rural landscapes highlight thecharacteristics of the times of towns in time and space. The Manchu towns in history are alsothe human settlements that have the unique styles and profound connotations, and have ahigher historical and cultural value, which are reflected in the remained their historicalbuildings, historical districts and the overall landscape environment of towns.Early in the late19th century, western developed countries have formulated laws to protectthe Ancient City and Building Protection Directive, upgraded to World Heritage ProtectionAct. Human take a major step forward to intellect. China is also affected by this world trendof cultural heritage protection, but the ancient city and building protection work have justbegun and struggled.Manchu once played a significant role in the historical process of China and created asplendid culture in their own development process. It has also left many valuable culturalheritages in the building landscape. It has both the majestic, solemn, chiseling and carvingpalaces, temples and buildings, and also the broad folk buildings scattered in villages acrossthe regions, such as residences, ancestral temples and academies. Through the double carvingsof history and nature, with its special volume-space form, profound cultural connotations, richregional characteristics, and closely integrating with the rural environment, the traditionalManchu residential building landscapes have show the historical style formed by Manchupeople under certain social conditions. The analysis and protection on residential landscapehistory of Manchu towns is comb and perfect on the Manchu history and culture, and is a newstudy on Manchu history and culture from the view of arts and aesthetics.Landscape Architecture has been a discipline for just more than ten years since it isestablished, but also established over a century ago in the international centuries. With thedevelopment of discipline and evolution of culture, it has brought a new issue for human living space. From a view of an international scale, historical and cultural city protection is atypical landscape plan and design. Under the premise of meeting the town planning principles,use the landscape planning and design theories and methods, excavate a road of the landscapeart protection and recovery for Manchu residences, develop the low consumption andenvironmental building materials. Besides, plan with land rehabilitation, communitymanagement, village green, landscape effects, aesthetic and practical co-prosperity of newManchu residences, initiatively accept the positive effects and guidance of traditional Manchuresidences to provide a theoretical platform for the recovery and protection of Northernancient town and perfect the theoretical reserves of history and present analysis on Manchuresidential settlement landscape in the discipline of landscape. It has an important theoreticalvalue and it will be a great contribution to the discipline of landscape and even to the culturaland artistic fields for all humanity.In the overall planning system of our existing urban and rural areas, there is anone-sidedness to recognize urban and rural cultural system. The traditional plan focus only onthe existing historical and cultural resource protection and utilization, while ignoring theexcavation of cultural resources once owned in the history of the city and the outlook anddevelopment of new cultural resources, this tilt has led to an embarrassment of a large numberof urban and rural planning renovation and protection in China in recent years inabandonment of history and culture excavation and protection, and thousands of the town side.Which integrity of national history and culture is ignored, it will be a kind of defect regardlessof contemporary sustainable construction of human society, or the immediate practice ofancient town restoration. This is inconsistence with our current subject on focusing on cultureconstruction and respecting the national history because the formation and development ofhistorical landscape of Manchu resistances represent that there is the growth and developmenthistory of this nation, and is an important part of Chinese culture. The continuousdevelopment of historical landscape of Manchu resistances with the changes of historicalconditions is the dialectical and unified development innovated in inheritance, protection andlearning and using. Only protect the good traditions in all aspects of Manchu national culture,as well as critically absorb all useful things, combine with the characteristics of times fordevelopment and innovation, then Chinese culture will be injected fresh artistic conception.Analysis and protection on historical landscape environment of Northern Manchuresidences are the combs of modern, ever since and existing Northern Manchu town with astudy on the aspects such as Manchu cultural exchanges, folk history, philosophy, aestheticswhile combing. Substantially, the study is a development history of Manchu cultural history,and is a development history with buildings and historical environment of Manchuresidences as carries. From the view of theory study, relative to the study on other areas ofManchu culture, the study on historical environment is obviously week. Only the study on believing in (Manchu Shamanism) culture is more perfect in several large fields of culture.Although the study on historical landscape environment has also been made some progress,however, it has a major gap whether from the aspect of the discipline of landscape or fromthe view of study on Manchu stage history and Manchu national history, and the excavationand the combing are far from enough. From the view of the discipline of landscape, it is stilldifficult to see the full books on aspect of townscape of our Manchu residences in thepractical applications. Nowadays in China, the single buildings are used as a studied objectin the book on Manchu residential buildings. However, the study combed from the big visionof landscape environment is ignored, and the growth of a nation and the formation of a townare often affected by many factors such as nature, society and philosophical thought. Underthe big vision in the cultural heritage protection or all humanity, we should take a broaderview on the study on cultural histories of all nations and understand by putting the landscapeculture of Manchu residences considered as a spiritual product of human beings and amaterial product into the long historical flux. Because a country's long-continueddevelopment can also inseparable from the inheritance, protection, promotion anddevelopment of excellent parts in cultural histories of all nations.