Aesthetic Research On Wood Structure Patterns And Its Bionic Design Of Packaging

It has important aesthetic value for macro-structure patterns of wood in the application of furniture,floor boards and interior decorative materials.One of research hot-spots on visual perception of wood aesthetics is to evaluate the relationship between wood structure aesthetics and emotions expressed.Using the method of formal aesthetic rules,fractal box dimension,CIE(L*a*b*)color space,semantic differential,eye movement test,event-related potentials and statistical analysis of data,etc,this research focused on the aesthetic expression of macro and micro structure patterns of 12 samples from 12 species(3 softwood and 9 hardwood)commonly used in interior decoration,including the analysis of formal aesthetic rules,characteristics of fractal dimension,quantitative characterization of color,as well as the emotion and psychological expression.Predictive models of visual aesthetics evaluation were established based on the macro and micro structure patterns of 12 samples selected,and were validated by physiological experiments.Moreover,this paper also presented some packaging bionic design examples using the macro and micro structure patterns of selected wood samples.The purpose of this study is to investigate the qualitative and quantitative aesthetic expression of structure patterns of wood,and establish the relationship between wood structure aesthetics and emotions expressed,providing scientific basis for the research of visual perception of wood pattern aesthetics,especially for the packaging bionic design.Based on the research,the conclusions and foundings were summarized as follows:1)Formal aesthetic law expressed by the macro-pattern on the tangential section and micro-structure on cross,tangential and radial sections was found in the investigated wood samples.At the macro scale,the gradual or abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood shows mountain patterns and patterns on the tangential section,reflecting the beauty of rhythm.At the micro scale,for softwood samples,a sense of simplicity and order is presented in the patterns of tracheid cells with almost uniform shape and orderly distribution on the cross section.And a feeling of change and unity is perceived in the patterns of margin pits and cross field pits along with the grooved distribution of tracheid cells and irregular grooved distribution of wood rays on radial and tangential sections.For hardwood samples,the vessels of ring-porous and diffuse porous woods present similar shape as wood fibers on the cross section,but have different diameters,which form the visual beauty of contrast and reconcile.On the radial section,the vessel segment and wood fiber cells show a trough-like arrangement.These deep and shallow distributed“trough” exerts a visual beauty of symmetry and equilibrium.The irregular troughlike arrangement of wood rays and vessel segment on the tangential section produces a change and unification visual effect.2)The distribution characteristics of both L*a*b* color space and Munsell color space were evaluated by studying chromaticity parameters of timber surfaces from the selected 12 samples with a CR-5 colorimeter.The results show that the color of most samples is in the region of 5.40 YR ? 9.95 YR,a yellow red system giving people a feeling of warmth and kindness.Besides,through the subjective evaluation of three color elements of the Munsell color system,a positive correlation between the lightness of color rendering and aesthetics evaluation was found,a value reference for seeking alternative interior decorative materials.3)Wood structure patterns were quantitatively characterized with box-counting dimension method,and it was found that wood structure possessed self-similar fractal characteristic.Among the macro and micro-structure patterns of the investigated 12 sample,the roughness and order degree of hardwood samples are bigger than those of softwood ones.The order of sequence of most fractal dimension on values in micro-structure patterns is listed as cross section> tangential section >radial section.4)Emotional and psychological explanation expressed by the visual perception of wood macro and micro cell structure patterns was explored by eye movement test and semantic differential method.The correlation between wood patterns and eye movement experimental indexes reveals that both men and women between the age of 19 and 23 pay enough attention to the wood macro-structure.Compared with men,women have higher values in such indexes as average duration of fixation,proportion of fixation duration,saccade frequency and average speed of saccade except for fixation frequency and proportion of saccade duration.All participants work more on the recognition of hardwood samples' structure than they do on softwood samples,indicating that both men and women are more interested in hardwood samples' structures.Men are more interested in micro-tectonic patterns than women,and both men and women pay more attention to the micro-structure patterns on the cross section.The work on the correlation between wood macrostructure pattern and semantic vocabulary showed that in the sensory dimension,the macro-structure pattern of softwood samples was distributed in the "delicate-soft" quadrant,while the pattern of hardwood samples was mostly in the "rough-hard" quadrant.In the emotional dimension,all participants felt comfortable and love from softwood samples' macro-structure patterns;however in the evaluation dimension,the macro-structure pattern of most hardwood samples was more natural than that of softwood ones.For the macro-structure patterns of softwood and hardwood samples,practicability is greater than decoration.The study on the correlation between wood micro cell structure patterns and semantic differential method revealed that for most hardwood samples,in the sensory dimension,the micro cell structure patterns on the cross section,radial section and tangential were distributed in "rough-loose”quadrant," block-soft "/ " block-hard " quadrant,and " concave convex-bend”quadrant,respectively.In the emotional dimension,for most softwood samples and part of hardwood ones,the micro cell structure patterns on the cross section,radial section and tangential were distributed in "calm-like" quadrant,"disgusting-strong" quadrant and "ugly-free",respectively.Accordingly,in the evaluation dimension,two senses of “natural” and “artificial” came together from the microscopic cell structure pattern on the cross section of both softwood and hardwood samples.The results indicates that for the micro-structure patterns on tangential sections,both hardwood and softwood samples are practical,but hardwood samples are more decorative.Aesthetic evaluation models were established based on the eye movement indexes and subjective perception vocabulary analysis,and further validated by physiological experiments.5)Physiological explanation expressed by the visual perception of wood structure patterns was studied with event-related potentials method to verify the feasibility of evaluating aesthetic characteristics of wood structure patterns by the combination of eye movement experiment and sentiment semantic vocabulary analysis.All participants between the age of 19 and 23 preferred the macro-structure patterns on the tangential section of hardwood samples.The order of sequence of preference degree to the microscopic cell structure patterns is listed as cross section> tangential section> radial section.6)The visual characteristics of wood structural patterns were redesigned by using the softwares of fractal and graphic design,which preliminarily explored the feasibility of establishing packaging design database by applying the structural patterns of wood.The results showed that the structural patterns of investigated samples were applied to design the emotional packaging using the figurative and abstract bionic design methods,which further improved the theory of wood aesthetics and its application.The color of macro-structural patterns on tangential section was extracted and used for bionic design of ecotype packaging.Furthermore,the macro-structural features on the tangential section were applied to design packaging paper,and the micro-structural features on the cross and radial sections were used for two-dimensional code design,constructing a graphic material library inexhaustible and constructing theoretical foundation for wood aesthetics and providing an effective way of its application in intelligent packaging bionic design.