Study On Environmental Adaptability And Related Techniques Of Agriculture In Urban Architecture

During the rapid developmental process of urbanization,the situation of lacking cultivated land continues to deteriorate,and urban ecological environment continues to deteriorate.The purposes of studying on environmental adaptability and cultivation techniques of agriculture in urban architecture are to compensate loss of cultivated land,reduce resource consumption,improve urban ecological environment,make the city have innovative change from the simple consumption of resources to the production.The thesis has great value for our ecosystem,economy,society and academic significance.In this paper,the author regards the residential building and office building as object of study,and do future research integrated using methods of field research,theoretical integration,planting experiment and computer simulation,etc.The main research aspects of the paper are:Building Integrated Agriculture(BIA)theory;agricultural adaptability to city environment and building environment;cultivation techniques of building agriculture;variety selection of building agriculture,greenhouse and rooftop greenhouse research.The research contents are as follows:(1)Building Integrated Agriculture theory is systematically combed on the theoretical basis of productive city.The Building Integrated Agriculture is industrial buildings and civil construction with agricultural production function.By modern agricultural technologies and environmental control means,BIA organically integrates human settlements and agricultural production activities to build"building-agriculture-people"ecosystem based on the traditional civil construction.(2)The urban environment is quite different from the environment of farmland.The study focuses on the vegetable adaptability under the urban rainwater and urban air condition through cultivated experiment.The vegetable quality index and physiological indicators is measured,such as photosynthetic rate,root activity,vitamin content and heavy metal content and so on,to explore the adaptability of agriculture in urban environment.(3)The paper proposes the environmental indicators of cohabitation space between human and vegetable based on analyzation of the requirements of light,temperature,humidity and airflow of vegetables and human beings.It is pointed out that light is the limiting factor of vegetable production in the building environment.The adaptability of vegetables in the building environment is analyzed by measuring the light intensity,temperature,humidity,CO₂ concentration of the living room,office,balcony and roof.The vegetable cultivation experiment was carried out to measure the physiological indexes and yield and to calculate the amount of vegetation quantity,carbon fixation and oxygen inhalation for studying the environmental adaptability and ecological benefit of vegetable production in buildings.(4)Combined with facilities agricultural technology and three-dimensional afforestation technology,the paper screened building agriculture cultivation techniques:soil cover cultivation techniques,cultivation bed techniques,cultivation blocks cultivation techniques,and hydroponics cultivation techniques.The paper provides new cultivation techniques of building agriculture:the Sandponics.The Sandponics technology is more suitable for the building agriculture,which can realize continuous production without changing the cultivation substrate.The lettuce cultivation experiment was carried out to study the feasibility of desalted sea sand as soilless culture substrates.(5)The basic principles of selection of building agriculture varieties were put forward.The paper established architectural vegetable variety selection expert system based on environmental requirements database of 120 varieties of vegetable.Climatic regionalization of building agriculture was studied combined building space microclimate and agricultural climate zoning of China.(6)The paper carried out monographic study on greenhouse,photovoltaic greenhouse,rooftop greenhouse,and explored the specific patterns of combination between the solar greenhouse,modern greenhouse and rooftop.The combination of photovoltaic and roof greenhouse makes the buildings have the functions of the production not only energy but also agricultural.Using Design Builder to simulate the energy consumption of rooftop greenhouses and common buildings,the energy efficiency of rooftop greenhouses is discussed.This paper expounded the connotation of BIA,studied agricultural adaptability to city environment and building environment,cultivation techniques of building agriculture,variety selection of building agriculture,greenhouse and rooftop greenhouse through research methods of field research,theoretical integration,planting experiment and computer simulation,etc.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Vegetable growed weakly,get low yield,better nutritional quality in urban rainwater and urban air environment.The heavy metal content of As,Cd,Pb met the national food safe standard.Urban rainwater can be used as agricultural irrigation water,traffic junctions was not used as vegetable commercial production land.Vegetables require light intensity 3000lux above,far higher than the requirements of human settlements.The vegetable cultured in architectural space need supplemental lighting,while not result to glare for the human.The temperature,humidity,ventilation requirements of the vegetable is closer to the people.Vegetables provide O2 to humans and the people provide CO2 to vegetables,which is a complementary role.The results showed that the symbiosis between human and vegetable was feasible through the environment measurements of office building and residential building and vegetable culture experiments in architectural space.The vegetable culture experiment showed that the biomass per plant of south-facing windowsill,south-facing balcony and west-facing balcony were 163.15 g,138.08g and 132.42g respectively,which were significantly higher than 19.01g and 31.67g on the north-facing ledge and rooftop.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,fixed carbon content,oxygen inhalation amount and vegetation quantity of vegetables in different architectural space were significantly different.(2)Proposed three principles of building agriculture:small impact on people's work and life,little impact on the building environment,planting and management is simple.The paper screened building agriculture cultivation techniques:soil cover cultivation techniques,cultivation bed techniques,cultivation blocks cultivation techniques,and hydroponics cultivation techniques.The paper provides new cultivation techniques of building agriculture:the Sandponics.The lettuce culturing test showed that the Sandponics was suitable to architectural space.The vegetable environment index database included 120 kinds of vegetables and vegetable variety selection expert system is established,climatic regionalization of building agriculture is initially set up.The paper solves the problem of vegetables varieties selection of building agriculture.(3)The paper explores the model of agriculture and energy production in the rooftop greenhouse.Design Builder software simulations show that the annual energy consumption sum of the rooftop modern greenhouses and top floor of the building is 80,802 Kwh,the annual energy consumption sum of open field modern greenhouses and top floor of the ordinary buildings is 90,429 Kwh,the annual energy saving is 9627 Kwh.The annual energy consumption sum of the open field solar greenhouse and top floor of the ordinary buildings is 48,806 Kwh,the rooftop solar greenhouse and the top-level building energy consumption is 46,924Kwh,the annual energy saving is 1882 Kwh.Design Builder software simulations proves that the rooftop greenhouse is energy-saving by software simulation.The paper does little work for the system construction of BIA and productive architecture,belongs to the research of the theoretical system of productive city,is the part research result of the National Natural Science Foundation of“System Construction Productive Civil Buildings Integrated Vertical Agriculture”(project NO:51568017).The paper proposes new idea of production civil building on the base of productive city to explore new methods and new ideas for Eco architecture and sustainable city.