Research On The Key Technical Problems In Chinese Modern Industrial Construction (1840-1949)

As one of the original carriers of modern Chinese new building types and the introduction of advanced western technologies into China,industrial buildings carried the advanced architectural ideas in China at that time,and served as an unconscious historical tool for Chinese modern buildings to catch up with the world’s architectural trends.This article studies the key technical problems in the construction process of modern industrial buildings in China,including planning and location,long-span technology,standardization,and structural development etc.It discusses materials technology such as wood,brick,and cement,while paying attention to industrial building designers.The research is based on a large number of real examples in the process of investigation combined with drawings,modern architectural periodicals and factory history,comparing with the advanced western technology in the same period,and paying attention to the problems of technology source and technology authenticity.The study discusses the stages of industrial development in modern cities in China and puts forward the corresponding stage plan.The second chapter starts with the site selection and layout of the factory,focusing on the key construction technology of industrial buildings in the embryonic stage of modern Chinese urban industry.This technology is the pre-construction design issue and runs through the entire process of industrial building construction and development,involving macro-level selection,meso-level selection,micro-site selection,and specific plant layout.The third chapter focuses on the initial stage of China’s modern urban industrial development.Due to the changes in production methods and power technologies,there is an urgent need for large space workshops,that is,large-span technology,with a focus on western style wooden roof truss.Western-style wooden roof truss technology demonstrates an understanding of structural concepts such as mechanics without changing materials and construction technology,which means that the modern transformation of Chinese architecture has begun.The fourth chapter focuses on the accelerated growth period of China’s modern urban industries.Due to the rapid construction of large numbers of industrial buildings,the demand for high-quality and standardized building materials has arisen.Based on the industrialized production of bricks and the changes in industrial building bricks,the technical development of traditional Chinese building materials after the introduction of western building materials in the industrialized era is discussed.The fifth chapter focuses on how to solve the problems of safety,comfort,and long-lasting structure required by industrial construction during the steady and rapid growth period of modern Chinese industry.It also focuses on the introduction and development of reinforced concrete structure technology,including cement production technology.The sixth chapter discusses professional talents as part of technology,and focus on issues such as the designers that have played a key role in the standardization and experience of industrial construction in the recent acceleration of Chinese modern industry,their representative works and the composition of designer groups.The study found that in different stages of the development of modern urban industry in China,the key technical problems in the construction process of modern industrial buildings in China are also different based on the different needs of construction objectives and different technical levels.It also found that for modern industrial buildings in China,some construction technologies are not inferior to the world’s advanced technologies at that time,but the promotion and realization of technology is greatly affected by the social environment and consciousness;the key construction technologies are firstly adapted to the production process,but also to the local resources,economic and social systems,and the social demand will strongly change the application and dissemination of technology;due to the lack of material concept,it also pays more attention to appearance than construction and more attention to imitation than creation in the construction process;technology belongs to the category of civilization,it is a trend to move from elementary to advanced.The conflict between Chinese and Western construction technology is temporary,and integration is inevitable.