Research On Evaluation Of Forest Biodiversity Resource In Minjiang Watershed Based On The Marginal Opportunity Cost Theory

Forest Biodiversity resources are the important material basis for human society's survival and development.The scientific and reasonable pricing system of forest biodiversity resources can effectively promote the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of this resources and provide important theoretical and realistic basis for the formulation of environmental economic policies and macroeconomic decisions,thus its value assessment has been arousing the attention in the domestic and international academia.The past researches mainly focus on value classification,the choice of assessment method and evaluation examples on the specific area,however there are less basic theoretic researches on forest biodiversity resource pricing or systematic study on its pricing method,even more failed to establish a comprehensive and objective evaluation system.Therefore,this paper combines many basic principles of multiple disciplines like forestry economics,ecological economics,resource and environmental economics and adopts a complex systematic integrated research fundamental as well as normative analysis and empirical analysis method.Based on the research results of the forest biodiversity resources value evaluation,this dissertation carries on a range of systematic studies on the specific composition,pricing methods and model setting of the marginal opportunity cost about forest biodiversity resources.By means of systematic research the thesis has initially established a series of relatively complete theory and method system for forest biodiversity resource pricing on the basis of marginal opportunity cost.In addition to the fundamental of corresponding economic principle,the evaluation of forest biodiversity resources should depend on the cultivation of protection consciousness of the whole society,the convert of value concept and the adjustment of statistical criterion,otherwise the assessment's anticipation will never come true.In accordance with the conditions for marginal opportunity cost and the characteristics of forest biodiversity,the dissertation firstly defines the conception of forest biodiversity resources,introduces its connotation,characteristic and distribution,discusses the classification standard under different perspectives,analyzes the price distortion of forest biodiversity resources,illustrates the various divergence and deep-seated reasons in the pricing process and puts forward to the concrete solutions of improving the price constitution and establishing the pricing system of forest biodiversity resources.Because the traditional resource perception has influenced the development and utilization of forest biodiversity resources and exerted a series of negative effects for a long time,this paper explain the reason for carrying out the research on its value assessment,discusses its economic implications applying value and price theory,analyzes the specific principles of effective allocation and rational utilization taking advantage of public product and external effect theory,profoundly explains the market failure in the exploitation and utilization of this resource and deeply describes the positive interaction between the forest biodiversity resources and sustainable economic development.Based on the above analysis this dissertation insist that it is necessary to establish the unified and perfect market pricing mechanism and utilize the price means in order to ensure the sustainable development of the economic and forest biodiversity resources.On the basis of the research on value classification and related evaluation account,this dissertation makes a comparison and analysis on current value theories of forest biodiversity resource pricing,considers that the difference of theoretical perspective and analysis level result in the lack of evaluation system which is recognized by society.At the same time,the paper summarizes the existing models of its pricing,analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages,sorts out the primary problems and puts forward some effective suggestions to improve the pricing work.Combining with the characteristics of forest biodiversity resources and the analysis of pricing theory and model,the dissertation discusses the feasibility of marginal opportunity cost theory in its pricing work,comprehensively elaborates the affluent connotation of forest biodiversity resources based on marginal opportunity cost,puts forward the specific composition of marginal production cost,marginal user cost and marginal environmental cost of this resources respectively from the perspective of resource reproduction,intergenerational balance and the ecological environment loss so as to construct a feasible valuation index system.According to the component analysis of forest biodiversity resources based on the marginal opportunity cost and combining with the measurement methods of economics and ecology,the dissertation illustrates the specific pricing models,makes generalized definitions to marginal cost by introducing the concept of average incremental cost,obtains the marginal production cost by spreading the huge investment in the system construction period to the annual increase in forest reserves.In the meantime,this paper derives the model of the marginal user cost from the perspective of intergenerational equity and combining the method of rent or expected income capitalization adjusted by supply-demand relationship,summarizes the marginal external costs from the perspective of ecological and social value loss caused by the excessive exploitation,identifies major factors of this loss by Logistic model and factor analysis and calculates the average willingness to pay by means of non-parametric estimation.Finally,this paper takes the forest biodiversity resources of Minjiang Watershed as the research object and carries on the empirical research on the pricing of these resources based on the marginal opportunity cost.The result display that the whole evaluation of these areas is 1766.36 yuan per cubic meter,of which,marginal production cost is 48.98 yuan per cubic meter,marginal user cost is 954.39 yuan per cubic meter and marginal environmental cost is 762.99 yuan per cubic meter,which not only indicates the perfect function of forest biodiversity resources in this zone,but also turns out the feasibility and rationality of the proposed marginal opportunity cost pricing model to its value assessment.The evaluation research of forest biodiversity resource in this dissertation includes a comprehensive introduction to the connotation and value constitution of forest biodiversity resources and covers the profoundly summary to the theoretical basis of the value and price theory,public goods theory,external effects theory and market failure theory.Meanwhile,the paper constructs a relatively complete pricing method system based on marginal opportunity cost and carries out the empirical study towards specific areas.The results show that the evaluation of forest biodiversity resources based on the marginal opportunity cost is not only feasible,accurate and efficient,but also will be helpful to supplement and improve its existing pricing theory and method and ultimately promote the scientific allocation and rational development of forest biodiversity resources.