Watershed Comprehensive Management And Effect Evaluation Based On Landscape Aesthetics

With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards,people put forward higher requirements for the management of ecological environment,and the goal of comprehensive watershed management is becoming more and more diversified.In the process of watershed management,we should not only meet people's requirements for improving the ecological environment,preventing and controlling soil erosion and promoting social harmony,but also meet people's needs for the beautiful landscape of the watershed.Therefore,the past comprehensive management of watershed and the evaluation methods of their treatment effects are no longer suitable for the current society,economy and people's growing demand for the living environment.Based on the theories of watershed management and landscape aesthetics,this thesis took the Liangjianfangchuan watershed located in Hebei Province in the middle of the Yanshan Mountains as the research site.In order to improve the ecological environment,prevent soil erosion,enhance the landscape of the watershed,and enhance the livability,this research combines the theories and methods of water and land conservation and landscape aesthetics.Then,through data collection and field investigation,the comprehensive analysis of the situation before and after the comprehensive management of the watershed,the comprehensive management countermeasures of the watershed based on landscape aesthetics are formulated.Based on the traditional management benefits of watershed,landscape function and landscape aesthetics,this thesis selected watershed evaluation indicators,and built a Watershed Evaluation Indicator Model based on landscape aesthetics.Then,the model was applied to evaluate the comprehensive management effect of the study watershed,and the applicability and rationality of the model were further discussed by analyzing the changes of landscape characteristics before and after the watershed management.The main results are as follows:(1)Formed comprehensive management countermeasures of watershed based on landscape aestheticsBased on the positioning of"eco-tourism+water conservation"in the research watershed,the watershed governance countermeasures are formulated from six aspects:improving ecological environment,enhancing landscape quality,increasing aesthetic value,preventing soil erosion,reducing geological hazards and improving human settlement environment.After analysis and research,the comprehensive management countermeasures of the watershed have been formed.At the same time,referring to the method of comprehensive management of ecologically clean small watersheds,the research watershed is divided into three governance zones:natural landscape restoration area,comprehensive landscape management area and water landscape protection area.Then,according to the characteristics of the governance zones and the requirements of landscape aesthetics,also expounds how to integrate landscape aesthetics theory into landscape aesthetics factors in watershed management,and explains the corresponding comprehensive treatment measures system.(2)Construct the Evaluation Model of watershed comprehensive management effect based on landscape aestheticsThrough the analytic hierarchy process,literature review and other methods,and based on traditional watershed evaluation,landscape ecology and landscape aesthetics,these 9 evaluation indicators were screened out,including soil erosion control,soil erosion modulus,forest and grass coverage,net income per capita,labor utilization rate,soil stability,permeability,nutrient cycling and beauty degree.According to research analysis and actual use,the selected indicators were used to establish a watershed evaluation index system according to the target level,criterion level and index level.Then,using the line transect sampling and typical sample plot survey method,16 sample lines and25 typical sample plots were settled in the study watershed.Combined with auxiliary means such as field investigation,UAV and remote sensing image interpretation,the basic data of landscape function,landscape aesthetics and traditional watershed governance benefits were collected.Finally,a watershed evaluation model based on landscape aesthetics is constructed through a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.(3)The Evaluation Model of watershed comprehensive management effect is scientificThe Watershed Evaluation Model constructed in this study was used to evaluate the comprehensive governance of the Liangjianfangchuan watershed.The results showed that the evaluation level of watershed has been increased from I₄(evaluated as"poor")before treatment to I₂(evaluated as"good")after treatment,and the aesthetic quality of the landscape and landscape function had been improved rapidly,and the evaluation level had been increased from I₄(evaluated as"poor")before treatment(or untreated)to I₂(evaluated as"good")after treatment.The results show that the overall effect of Watershed comprehensive management is significant,landscape beauty is of exploratory value to promote the landscape of watershed management.The landscape index method was used to analyze the changes in landscape characteristics before and after the comprehensive management of the watershed.The study found that the overall landscape pattern distribution before the treatment of the watershed was fragmented,the landscape quality was poor,and the performance of the landscape patches was relatively fragmented;the overall landscape pattern after the comprehensive management of the watershed has been significantly improved in the number of patches,environmental quality,landscape aesthetics and other aspects.The results show that the Evaluation Model of watershed comprehensive management effect is scientific.(4)The Evaluation Model of watershed comprehensive management has wide applicabilityThe effect of comprehensive management based on landscape aesthetics was analyzed by grey correlation analysis,and research shows the correlation coefficient(0.79)after the comprehensive treatment of the watershed was greater than the correlation coefficient(0.64)before the treatment(or without treatment),indicated that the overall evaluation effect of the watershed after treatment was better than before(or without treatment)),which was consistent with the results of the watershed governance evaluation of our study watershed.Moreover,the final weighted correlation between the actual effect evaluation of comprehensive watershed governance and the evaluation results through the ideal model was moderately correlated(R=0.691),which verified the rationality of the Watershed Evaluation Model in this study,and provided a scientific method with strong applicability for comprehensive management effect evaluation of adjacent and similar watershed in Yanshan Mountains in the future.