| On multi-scale for forest management, it has both mentioned in forest ecosystem management and sustainable forest management. Using multi-scale forest management thinking, to implement the business plan at different levels from watershed / landscape scale, stand-scale and individual tree scale, so the objectives clearly and guidance of forest management. This paper starting form three scales of landscape, forest stands and individual trees, and taking Hongtanggou Watershed where is administered in Mulanweichang National Farm Management Bureau of Hebei Province as the research object. The forest management experience about Hongtanggou in the recent ware combined with knowledge of GIS and the associated landscape pattern analysis indicators. It has comparative analysis the forest landscape change in this watershed based on the satellite remote sensing images in 2009 and 2013, and from land use types and dominant tree species. And to explore the multi-scale forest management techniques in watershed, forest stands and individual trees, to provide a reference sustainable forest management of this region.The results are summarized as follows:(1)In the landscape scale, has analyzed the variation characteristics in 2009 and 2013 of land use types in this watershed. At the two periods of the study area, SHDI were 5.4198 and 5.4964, SHEI were 0.8136 and 0.8186. It shows that, since the affected by forest management interventions from 2009 to 2013, the landscape structure have some changes. At the two periods of the study area, Contagion index were 53.3255 and 52.9843, it shows that the forest landscape fragmentation in the study area is higher, the landscape types distributed randomly trend. It also has analyzed the variation characteristics of forest land plaques in 2009 and 2013. In the year of 2009 and 2013, LPI were 2.9087 and 6.6535, SHDI were 4.5208 and 4.1897, SHEI were 0.9395 and 0.8798. It shows that, in 2009 the forest land plaques were mainly small patches, the patches fragmentation is higher. Due to human intervention, various management measures concentrated into a film distribution, there are bigger patches in 2013, the complexity of the patches tends lower than 2009. But there are many relatively small patches of finely divided, resulting in reduced the uniformity of the patches.(2)Based on the landscape analysis, some landscape operating plans have made. It determining the management urgency level of forest landscape patches, and established a landscape function zoning, proposed the construction of forest road and river buffer in landscape corridors plan.(3)In the stand scale, according to conifer forest, mixed coniferous plantation and pure forest divided different dominant tree species stands for 15 kinds of operating types. It has identified various types of stand characteristics and business objectives, and proposed the target DBH and operating cycle of each species in general and the large diameter. It has also developed adifferentiated management measures, such as structural adjustment, competition adjustment, shaped training, health improvement, forest replanting, etc.(4)In the individual tree scale, it has determined the operating target to focus on the target trees and landscape trees. And draw the distribution map or density map, proposed the corresponding business objectives and management measures. For the target tree, it has determined the measures, such as target diameter, the target tree selection, marking, retention the number of trees, pruning, competition adjustment harvesting and utilization. For the landscape trees, it has determined a series of management techniques, such as forest selection, marking, positioning, measuring, plastic, protection, excavation, archiving and so on. |
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