| Asari Radix et Rhizoma is botanically from the roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag.(AHM),A.sieboldii Miq.var.seoulense Nakai or A.sieboldii Miq..The first two species are generally called "Liao Xixin",and commercially available in Liaoning and Jilin,China,while A.sieboldii is mainly produced in Shaanxi and Sichuan,China.Xixin is spicy,warm,and enters heart,lung and kidney meridian.The herbal medicines clinically effective for expelling wind,removing cold,relieving pain,and warming lung to reduce watery phlegm.In the present study,the general appearance and microscopic characteristics of the two species were compared by morphological and microscopic method,and a comprehensive investigation of commercial materials is conducted by collecting the samples of Asari Radix et Rhizoma from the drugstores and herbal markets all around China.Moreover,a systematic study on the chemical composition of Asari Radix et Rhizoma by the qualitative and quantitative methods were carried out using modern methods.The main contents and results are as follows.1.The characters and microstructure of the two species were carried by morphological identification,trait identification and microscopic identification.The origin identification and herbs mainstream varieties were examined and described.2.It has been found that among the 97 samples of commercial drug of Asari Radix et Rhizoma collected from 30 provinces or cities from China,86 samples are botanically from A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum,4 samples are from A.sieboldii var.seoulense,11 samples are false matters,and 2 of them are from A.himalaicum.This result is helpful for the production,vendition and administration of commercial drug of Asari Radix et Rhizoma.3.Ultra high performance liquid chromatography(UHPLC)coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(QTOF/MS)method is established for the charaterization of 22 marker compounds in the roots and rhizomes of A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum and A.sieboldii var.seoulense.A total of 5 lignans,5 essential oils,3 AAs,4 alkamides and 5 flavanoids were identified by comparison of the retention time,UV spectra,characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions with those of authentic standards,or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with Mass Fragment software.4.UHPLC-QTOF/MS method is established for the simultaneous quantification of 5 lignans,3 essential oils,3 AAs,4 alkamides and 5 flavanoids in Asari Radix et Rhizoma.Method validation indicated that is accurate,reproducible,rapid and simple,The results for the quantification of 20 marker components in components in 27 samples from the raw materials of ARR and an adulterant.The samples from A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum differed in the quantity of 2-methoxyl-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone and kakuol from those from A.sieboldii var.seoulense,In comparison with the samples from two medicinal Asarum plants mentioned above,those from A.himalaicum differed in the quality and quantity of major compounds.The present study clearly demonstrated the differences in marker compounds between the two medicinal Asarum plants,and is useful in their standardization and quality control.5.Unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA)and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were performed to process data and figure out the difference between the two medicinal Asarum plants.Multivariate statistical analysis results simply and visually indicated that a significant discrimination between the both medicinal Asarum plants in the profiles,and showed top seven leading markers by S-plot.6.It is established a method for the simultaneous determination of 2-methoxyl-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone and kakuol in 69 samples of commercial drug of Asari Radix et Rhizoma.The samples from A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum differed in the quantity of 2-methoxyl-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone and kakuol from those from A.sieboldii var.seoulense. |
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