The Study Of ShangShu Of The Late Tang Dynasty

In the beginning period of Tang Dynasty, the Three Provinces and Six Ministries System was established finally and reached perfection. Shangshu was located in the center of the system that handled the state affairs. As the supreme administration structure, Shangshu handled the state affairs by Zouchao and issued administrative decrees to command Qing Jian which matched along with Shangshu and local authorities.However,from the era of Gaozong and Wuzetian (650-704A.D.), prime ministers began presenting the tendency of being administrative officials.The emissary system and the dispatched officials began developing gradually.The effect of Shangshu in the moving process of the state administration weakened.In Kaiyuan eleven (723 A.D.) Zhangyue changed Zhengshitang to Zhongshumenxia,the permanent preme ministers's organization that prime ministers worked together was established.The administrative moving system, the Sansheng System, was over,and the Zhongshumenxia System was established tentativly.From the reign of Suzong(743-761 A.D.),the prime minister organization Zhongshumenxia developed to be a administrative organization,strived to be the place of Shangshu as the supreme administration structure and fought for the status and powers with Shangshu.In the reign of Xianzong(805-814 A.D.),Zhongshumenxia turned the main body of handling the state affairs final ly,but Shangshu retained the certain powers that dealt the state affairs and issued administrative orders. At the same time, Six Ministries'main powers of office were retained.So Shangshu was still the base that handled the state administrative affairs in name.In the process of the administrative moving system that had been changing,the functions of the central organizations turned to be blurring.Yushitai the emissary system (including the dispatched officials) and the emissary system of eunuchs had powers of administrative decrees and dealing with affairs. These organizations caused effects to Shangshu. In Zhongshumenxia System, Shangshu also presented the new characteristics because of these effects.The setting of the organization the handling of state affairs the moving of the administrative affairs and the administration of Dusheng all presented characteristics that the new system and the old system were moving at the same time.In the late of Tang Dynasty,governers adjusted the policies to the system of Shangshu and Qingjian according to the needs of themselves,Shangshu made reaction voluntarily or unvoluntarily.Shangshu made its efforts to restore the status and authority of the early stage. Meanwhile it also attempted to develop by changing itself to adapt the new administrative system and the complicated political environment.In the process,Shangshu turned from passively to positively.So in the different state,it presented different characteristics. The thesis is aimed at discussing Shangshu which had been changing all the time from the reign of Suzong to the end of Tang Dynasty and revealed the moving process of the central official regulation that began the regulation of the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty.