Discussion On Military Training Commissioner From Late Tang Dynasty To Northern Song Dynasty

In the commissioners system of Tang Dynasty,as a military commissioner,military training commissioner is a Fandao officer integrating military power,supervisory power,fiscal power and administrative power together with military envoy and defense envoy.Five Dynasties followed late Tang Dynasty,military training commissioner still had the power to administer military,finance,civil affairs and justice of governorship,but on this basis,significant changes appeared,that was absentee ownership was widespread,which is an important symbol of nominal official titles of state level military training commissioner.According to military governorship splittism of late Tang five dynasties,Song Dynasty made a series of reforms,and after Zhenghe restructuring,military training commissioner became one of the military official Jiluguan,with substantial changes in the nature,and it marks military training commissioner finally completed the official rank process.On the multi-positions and relationships of military training commissioner and other related positions,feudal provincial generally served as state military training commissioner concurrently and such situation continued until Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.After the founding of Song Dynasty,the organizational system of civilian official department magistrate was determined,military training commissioner gradually became a nominal title.Fandao military training commissioner often served as surveillance commissioner,administering both military and supervision,mainly set in the Fandao south of the Yangtze River with weak military strength.Both defense military and envoy training commissioner were two independent officials of military,but after An Lushan Rebellion,both were concurrent widely.From the primary commissioner of Tang Dynasty to military official Jiluguan of Song Dynasty,the function of military training commissioner had corresponding changes.Fandao military training commissioner of Tang Dynasty experienced from the temporary dispatching military envoy to the fixed position of government,its function was further extended,attached,expanded and changed on the basis of basic military functions,and gradually extended to the administrative,fiscal and other aspects.During five dynasties period,the setting of military training commissioner generally followed the old-system and make corresponding adjustment according to own actual situation,and the ruler showed the trend of control.In Song Dynasty,the power of Fandao surveillance commissioner in late Tang Dynasty was quickly replaced by road-level chief transport envoy,and then the power of transport envoy was divided by four departments of Xian,Cang,Shuai and Cao.The power of Song Dynasty road-level conciliation commissioner and Tang Dynasty Fandao military training commissioner have something in common,and the power Tang Dynasty Fandao military training commissioner was successfully transferred to Song Dynasty road-level conciliation commissioner.From Tang Dynasty and five dynasties to Song Dynasty,with the change of the objective situation,the central administrative system was constantly adjusted,and the adjustment of the central administrative system affected the change of the local administrative system.In late Tang Dynasty,military training commissioner(military envoy and defense envoy)generally served as surveillance commissioner concurrently,the different Junshidao and Jianchadao were overlapped,Fandao system finally formed,and Dao actually become a first-class administrative unit above states and counties.The setting of military training commissioner and other military commissioners,to some extent,affected local administrative system,and discussion on the change of the local administrative system has great significance for us to comprehend our country's political system as a whole in this period.