History And The Emancipation Of Man

In this dissertation,the author holds that Rosa Luxemburg's social revolution thought is the kernel of all her works. To some extend, Luxemburg never produced a comprehensive or even logically cohesive system, casting her ideas almost invariably in the form of criticism and polemics, but what unity there was to her thought came from her revolutionary conviction, from her total identification with the idea of revolution.The specific content of this dissertation develops in five chapters.In the first chapter,the author gives an introduction to Luxemburg's life from the perspective of the forming and developing of her revolution thought.Based on this, the author then pointed out the main resource for Luxemburg's revolution thought is Marxism.Following that, the author introduces the research states about Luxemburg's theory at home and aboard.In the second chapter, the author points out that Luxemburg's works is a part of a large project on the history of global communism.She provided a vision of a participatory socialism that echoed the humanism of the early Marx. Therefore,if we want to understand her theory better,we should look back Marx's main contributions for the philosophy history and the tensions come from the development of Marxism. Based on that,the author pays most attention to introducing Luxemburg's social revolution thought. Luxemburg felt that by questioning the final aim of revolution Bernstein was destroying the need for any proletarian class consciousness. Emphasis on the subjective factor meant the rejection of any passive trust in evolution. It meant the need for the Social Democratic movement to energize the class consciousness of the working class.In the third chapter, during the 1905 Revolution in Russia, Luxemburg found inspiration in the mass activism of Russian and Polish workers, which led her to develop further her incisive critique of bureaucratism in the German and international socialist movement.Luxemburg argued that not party directives, but the spontaneous actions of workers,culminating in the mass strike and revolution, would serve as the means of political transformation. Politics for Luxemburg always aimed auf das Ganze,she continually promoted mass activism in demonstrations and strikes both as a tactic for accomplishing the tradition from capitalism to socialism and as the substance of democracy.In the forth chapter, the author points out that the major theme of Luxemburg's book The Accumulation of Capital is the solution of a problem which arises in the second volume of Marx's Capital and which, in Luxemburg's judgement, he had failed to solve. It was this:in an economy composed only of capitalists (and their parasites)and workers, who would purchase the increase in output of consumer or producer goods which would become available from one period to the next if the stock of capital were to accumulate? Luxemburg seted out her own thesis:the surplus value of a dynamic capitalist economy can be realized only by social organisations of a non-capitalist type. To stay alive capitalism invades the non-capitalist world. The boundary between the two worlds is conceptual, not geographic.Capitalism needs pre-capitalist societies as a market for its surplus value,as a source of supply for its means of production and as a reservoir of labour power, which will become the limit to development of capitalism, and supply the guarantee for social revolution.In the last chapter, not only German Revolution but also 1917 Russian Revolution, it concerned Luxemburg only as a first step to the more complete revolution, a politics of revolution was just a way to complete revolution. The actualization of the world-historical tasks of the proletariat was always her main goal. It meant the need for helping prepare the workers for the revolution to come, only it would bring salvation to suffering mankind.Seen as a whole,Luxemburg's revolution thought is of great relevance to us.It can not only help us to understand the crisis of capitalism,but have posited a new way to future.