Research On The Bureaucratic Power In Northern Song Dynasty

Zhao kuangyin, the all point inspection before the house of the Northern SongDynasty, who builds the Country by military force, was concerned with formerconsorts' usurper and eunuch's interference in domestic affairs, he sat and slept atease because power was abused in army's hands and consequently out of control. Asthe old saying goes, Taking history as a mirror, we can learn what rises and whatfalls. After he destroyed Zhou and built the Song dynasty, He took warnings fromthe falling of Sui and Tang and the political chaos in Five Dynasties. Uphold theruling ideology as emphasis on culture other than the force, clench his power, and useit carefully which means he would constraint imperial power by ethics laws andgenitor system, Segment the prime minister's operations to avoid excessiveconcentration of bureaucratic power. Meanwhile, he Strengthened the prevention andenforcement of power restriction system, which avoid the abuse of bureaucraticpower. The configuration and operation of Song's bureaucratic power, roughlyformed a Maintaining between the up and the down, restricting between theimportant and the unimportant power pattern, which made sure Song lasts forHundreds of years.If power goes out of control it'll be abused, and if it's out of supervision it'llleads to corruption. Take this into consideration, the Northern Song dynasty build thelocal power frame called liangfusansi as its power core around Zhao kuangyin'simperial power. Thus, the bureaucratic power of Song reached every corner thepolitical power controlled, creating a criss-cross power network system that balanceseach other. The bureaucratic power of Northern Song dynasty needs to be constrainedby supervision, but to be realized through power's actual operation. Therefore, theoperation of Northern Song dynasty bureaucratic power is like a red line runningthrough the thesis writing.If you wanted to see a scene, you needed to explore its source. This dissertationwas divided into six parts to discuss the theme of bureaucrat restriction of powers mechanism in Northern Song dynasty. At first, we chose the background ofbureaucrat restriction of powers mechanism in Northern Song dynasty asstarting-point to carry out the full text. The form of bureaucrat restriction of powersmechanism in Northern Song dynasty was the interaction with many factors. It wasalso the inexorable outcome of historical evolution and the development of times.Specifically, bureaucrat restriction of powers mechanism in Northern Song dynastywas born from three points:learning something from political chaos of the late TangDynasty and the Five Dynasties, considering the reality of political development intaking office, the external needs of abolishing the disadvantages of bureaucraticsystem in former dynasty.The second part is a generality about bureaucrat restriction mechanism ofNorthern Song dynasty. The second chapter is the historical vicissitudes ofbureaucratic control mechanism of the Northern Song Dynasty. Tease out thedevelopment of the bureaucracy system features and operation mode before theNorthern Song Dynasty in this chanpter.Compared to the former dynasty in institutionsetting, bureaucrat restriction of power mechanism of Northern Song dynasty madegreat adjustment in the main organ of power, which formed "the huge triangle of themain organ of power", namely, emperor, prime minister, Taijian. The local powerstructure removes branch prefecture and carried out the administration organizationsystem of mansion, the states and counties. The supervisory organization centerinstalled Taijian institution, which owned power of "picket officer of evil, redresssocial order and law", besides, the local set supervision department, local magistrate,Vice-Prefect and so on to perform their responsibility of supervision. Bureaucratrestriction of powers mechanism of Northern Song dynasty showed outstandingfeatures contained standard system of selecting and appointing government officials,implemented officials dispatch and granted respectively system, adjust promotion andrecall officers system, perfected investigation and regulatory system and so on.Bureaucrat power operation of Northern Song dynasty paid attention to appoint anddismiss of government officials, carried out measure of examination, created themethod of sharpen and prospect, highlighted the content of "appointment, recall and examination".The other three parts of this thesis will discuss the form of bureaucrat powerrestraint mechanism of Northern Song Dynasty from the following three aspects,central bureaucrat power, central and local bureaucrat power and local bureaucratpower. In the controlling of the center bureaucratic power, restricting the imperialpower by using the Confucian ethics education, official historian record aboutprevious cases, expostulation of prime minister's to limit; The inner court strengthensthe prevention against eunuch, clan and relatives power, lest the extreme expansioninner court power restraining the imperial power; The outer court took actions ofbreaking up the power of prime ministers,preventing prime ministers arrogatingauthority, weakening the heavy power, beware of heavy military rebellion, perfectingthe supervision system, beware of anti-imperial officials scrambling right, electing ofimperial examination system, recapturing the right of civil official to restraint localpower, in order to running the imperial power. In the controlling of the centerbureaucratic power to local bureaucratic power, discussed the ways by dividing thelocal bureaucratic administrative power, recovering the financial power of localbureaucracy, strengthening the supervision to local bureaucratic power and restrainingby ethics and morality. But in the controlling of the local bureaucratic power, localofficials and minor officials had interaction,also balance each other, and that ordinarypeople joined together to resist is also a constraint factor, which can effectively avoidthe local officials abusing power.The last part is the evaluation and enlightenment. Undeniably, the NorthernSong Dynasty bureaucratic power restriction mechanism is reversible:drawing on theancient law to create the new system, having some historical progress; The efficiencyis low because of the obstruction of using power, having the limitations of the timesinevitably. The reference value and enlightenment significance is, on the one hand,the restriction of power is the eternal topic of political democracy development, thatwe should always keep in mind; On the other hand, restricting power treats powerlimits as the key premise, the system controlling as the fundamental approach, and the ethical constraints as the cultural appeal, while restriction and incentive are thebalancer of the restriction of power.Based on the former part, the conclusion analyzed and summarized thebureaucratic control mechanism of the Northern Song Dynasty from three aspects asthe formation of governing system, the establishment of the ancestral method and theestablishment of civil official group.