Research On The Historical Evolution Of The "Plum, Orchid, Bamboo And Chrysanthemum" Painting Program

The plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum is known as "four gentlemen" in the Chinese painting history.In the history of Chinese culture and painting,"four gentlemen" not only is assigned to the "gentleman's virtue",but also because of its high artistic form and simplicity,typical,become the highest representatives and model of the literati painting.The painting formula of the plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum took its shape during the long history of Chinese art.Besides the influence of the Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,the way of seeing,such as "seeing for images"(Guanwu Quxiang)and from "direct looking" to "meditative seeing" played a key role in the evolution of painting formula and images of Chinese painting.More specifically,"seeing for images" took three kinds of way including "metaphor image"(Yuxiang),"image"(Yingxiang)and "changing image"(Yixiang)in the development of the images of plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum and the painting formula characterized by the strong features of "Chinese character structure" and "line configuration".The painting formula of the plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum reveals the very similar characteristics with Chinese calligraphy in aspects of the model of brush writing,structures,sequence of writing,organization.During the evolution of the painting formula of the plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum,it also formed an organic system consisted by the technique of writing,hands-style,division(classification)and combination ways,context and view state paradigm,painting formulas,shape and composition paradigm,paradigm of masters and so on.For its character of simplicity,typical and system,etc.,the painting formula of the plum blossom,orchid,bamboo and chrysanthemum in some sense represents general painting formula and way of the Chinese literati painting.in Pan Tianshou,Zhang Lichen's Chinese painting thoughts and education system based on the thoughts of Chinese and Western cultural difference thorough thinking and judgement of the spirit of Chinese art and the characteristic of Chinese art,the "four gentlemen"painting had become the skill training course of Chinese painting education,and the important ring of the modern Chinese painting teaching system.Based on his Chinese painting epistemology——a theory developed from "the structure of brush and ink",ended around "Chinese cultural politics","the modernity of Chinese painting","the heritage of Chinese painting",Zhang Lichen re-explained and developed the importance of the "four gentlemen" in the kill training of Chinese painting.