Bouyei Language Causes Meaning And Sentence Research

Pivotal construction claims a widespread existence in human language,which has long attracted critical attention in linguistic academia owing to its special syntactic form.Over the years different analytical paradigms for this linguistic phenomenon on the basis of different theoretical frames have created a scene of ever-changing discussions.The Bouyei language,as a member of the Zhuang-dong Group,Sino-Tibetan Language Family,is a strong analytic language.It has a greater number of users and wider existence in the Zhuang-dong Group,whose research,thus,signifies greatly in the Zhuang-dong Group language research as a whole.Researches on the sentence structure of the Bouyei language started comparatively late.The systematic and deep research on the pivotal construction in Bouyei language is so far rarely seen.It is yet a blank in the study of causative pivotal construction as main body and typifier in Bouyei pivotal construction.This dissertation bases itself on the corpus of the first dialect in Bouyei language,makes causative pivotal construction in Bouyei language its object of research,borrows from the research results and approaches of the causative category of cognitive linguistics,defines and categorizes the causative pivotal construction from a brand-new perspective,describes and analyzes their subcategories in a thorough and detailed manner,and attempts to explain their syntactic and semantic features from the perspective of cognition.This dissertation is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is Introduction,which introduces the origin of this research,its significance,current research situation,difficulties,approaches,sources of corpus and the framework of this dissertation.The second chapter primarily introduces the definition,classification,and features of the causative pivotal construction in Bouyei language and the theoretical foundation of this research.This dissertation defines the research scope of causative pivotal construction in Bouyei language on the basis of a combination of syntactic structures and semantic characteristics.On the syntactic level,the syntagmatic structure of(NP1)+VP,+NP2+VP2,NP2 is both the object of VP1 and the subject of VP2,serving two roles at the same time;on the semantic level,it embodies the transmission of forces from the causing event to the caused event and the changes the causee has as a result of the working or effect of the causing force.Only when both of two levels exist side by side can the causative pivotal construction in Bouyei language be recognized.Causing is the syntactic basis of causative pivotal construction in Bouyei language,which is studied in this dissertation in the causative category.Starting from the Bouyei language facts,referencing to the cognitive schema theories such as Talmy(2000)'s Force-dynamic model,Wolff(1007,2010)'s Dynamic patter,Force theory,etc,this dissertation divides the causative pivotal constructions in Bouyei language into two big categories in accordance with the syntactic interactive relation between the causer and the cause.The big categories are further divided into many subcategories according to specific standards.In so doing,the syntactic classification framework of the causative pivotal constructions in Bouyei language is established.This dissertation bases itself on this framework and systematically and deeply describes and explains the syntactic and semantic aspects of the causative pivotal constructions.Chapters from the third to the fifth describe and analyze one by one in detail the two big categories and four subcategories of the causative pivotal constructions in Bouyei language.The third chapter primarily devotes itself to the analysis of the pure causative verbal pivotal construction.In the beginning a classification and a syntactic comparison is done on all the meanings of the frequently used verb xa(?)3 "let/make ".It is divided into pure causative pivotal construction verb xa(?)3l "let/make",interpersonal causative pivotal construction verb xa(?)32 "make",and LET/LET ALONE causative pivotal construction verb xa(?)33 "make".Examined from syntactic function of xa(?)31 "let/make",xa(?)31 "let/make" belongs more to being verbal in the sense of grammatical features,about which the exception is that it is untypical verb which is in the process of further grammaticalization,only meaning causing,and without its own independent meaning.In terms of semantics,the four fundamental semantic factors and their relevant semantic parameters that make up the pure causative verbal pivotal constructions are analyzed.NP1 more often than not concerns reason and means,being particularly predicative and expressing objective and non-intentional making.VPi means an unspecific and abstract causing force.NP2has low-level volition,representing an unintended state or change under the influence of NP1.VP2 represents objectively the new state or new change of NP2,possessing CS+.The fourth chapter primarily analyzes interpersonal causative pivotal construction.This type expresses an intention on the part of the causer through verbal,social and other causing influence to affect the causee to perform action VP2,VP2,being the intention of VP1,representing an interpersonal verbal causing relation.According to the semantic features of VP1,interpersonal causative pivotal construction are divided into four subcategories::obligatory,request,advise,elect.The fifth chapter primarily analyzes ENABLE pivotal construction.In this type,the causer and the cause are consistent and harmonious in the inherent tendencies and the end state.In LET/LET ALONE causative pivotal construction,the cause has a strong intention to perform the action VP2,where the causer is capable of preventing,but concedes to the causee's intention,allowing the causee to perform the action VP2 according to its own volition.Owing to syntactic conciseness and semantic compatibility,the predicative construction NP1+VP1+NP2+VP2 composed by collaborative verbs is confusing in a sense.This study clarifies the research scope of collaborative causative pivotal constructions,differentiates the confusable homogeneous structures by applying their semantic features of the verbs,clearing up the ambiguities.In collaborative causative pivotal construction,the causer offers to help and accompanies the causee to perform the action VP2.The force of the causer must firstly work on the causee,and then the causee alone or together with the causer performs the action VP2.The causer primarily acts as a helper in this process.So the causing function of the collaborative type verb is relatively weak,located at the margin of the causing pivotal constructions in Bouyei language.The sixth chapter is summary.It summarizes the contents and major ideas of this dissertation,further clears the logic,and points out ideas for further study.To sum it up,the pure causative verbal pivotal construction is direct causative,the interpersonal causative pivotal construction is indirect causative,the LET/LET ALONE causative pivotal construction is tendentious causative,and the collaborative causative pivotal construction is collaborative causative.The study on causative pivotal constructions in Bouyei language is a micro research project,which not merely reflects the advancement of the grammar of the Bouyei language study,but also provides an important reference for the grammar study of the whole Zhuang-dong Group and even that of the mandarin.