Ethical Study On Individual Responsibility

As a new field of ethics,responsibility study has attached more and more attention in recent years.There are two methods to ethical study on responsibility:system perfection centered social responsibility and individual perfection centered individual responsibility.Although the former has the priority,the ultimate target can not be realized by the system depending,which get the meaning by the individual.Therefore,individual responsibility is the base of responsible ethics.Individual responsibility,based on the role identification,is to engage in the behavior in line with the role,take the consequence of the behavior,and accept the relative comment.The first chapter is the outline of individual responsibility.As a value choice,individual responsibility regards social responsibility as the premise,the legal responsibility as the base,the virtue responsibility as the objective.There are abundant resources about individual responsibility in east and west thought history.In the west thought history centered in the liberty,individual responsibility emphasizes on the unity of the right;in the Confucian thought history characterized with Xiu-qi-zhi-ping,individual responsibility emphasizes on personal responsible sense.The second chapter is about the logical start point of individual responsibility.Role,as the entity existence in the social structure,is the start point,which is not only the identity of individual position,but also the carrier of harmonious interaction among individual and society.Depending on the group difference,there are 5 different roles which is correspond to the relative responsibility.Pursuit of survive and development according to the non-aggression principle is the responsibility of a person;raising children,supporting parents and loving couple is the individual responsibility as a member of primary group;dedication and loyalty is the individual responsibility as a member of secondary group;patriotic,obedience and caring fellow is the individual responsibility as a citizen of a nation;participating the public discussion and after justice is is the individual responsibility as a member of society;environment preservation,nature resource saving and carefully using the science is the individual responsibility as a member of nature community.The third chapter is the illustration on the virtue of individual responsibility.Individual responsibility is consist of several different virtues,including benevolent,liberty,justice,braveness and wise.Benevolent is the essence of individual responsibility;liberty,the premise;justice,the standard;braveness,the motivation;and wise,the execution.The forth chapter analyses the individual responsibility in psychological perspective.According to the recognition,the emotion and the willing,individual responsibility is separated into three parts:individual responsible consciousness,individual responsible sense and individual responsible willing.Individual responsible consciousness is the result of absorbing moral knowledge,which determines the moral judgment towards the behaviors and events;individual responsible sense shows the moral emotion of a person in relative steady moral judgment,which determines the cause of a moral behavior;individual responsible willing is the performance after the motivation of moral emotion,which determines the complement and constancy of an individual moral behavior.The fifth chapter discusses the judgment and the choice of individual responsibility.Form responsibility and essential responsibility are two types of individual responsibility.The former refers the afterwards behaviors including the causal attribution and value evaluation;the later refers the choice before the responsible conflict.Causal attribution of responsibility is the cognition process of the behavior consequence,which is the basis of individual responsibility judgment;value evaluation of responsibility is the judgment towards praise and punishment,which is the form of individual responsibility judgment.Responsible conflicts have different attributions and different levels,which reflect the role conflict or value conflict.The choice of individual responsibility is the solution of responsible conflict,which includes 4 principles:the principle of equal treatment,the principle of power and responsibility,the principle of humanism,the principle of priority selection.The sixth chapter is about the construction of individual responsibility culture.The lack of individual responsibility is mainly due to the lack of sufficient explanatory power in the two aspects of theory and reality.In theory,the modern context makes the individual responsibility theory appear "Aphasia".In reality,the modern capitalist culture weakens the value orientation of individual responsibility.Therefore,must be lonely and missing through the re establishment of individual responsibility culture to deal with individual responsibility.First of all,to affirm that the individual value in the historical development,strengthen the individual subjectivity education,re shaping the individual responsibility in the culture of the individual;secondly,through the universal rule of law,norms of freedom of speech,to promote civic education etc.from individual action,language and consciousness three aspects of individual responsibility in the culture of ethics;finally,through the use of individual responsibility in Confucian culture concept,construct the moral control mode of individual responsibility culture,and play the leading role of mass media to strengthen the responsibility of individual cultural virtues.