Research On The Study Of Stone Classics

Seven large-scale inscriptions of Confucian classics have appeared successively in Chinese history.They are the stone classics in the Xiping period of Han Dynasty,the stone classics in the Zhengshi period of Wei Dynasty,the stone classics in the Kaicheng period of Tang Dynasty,the stone classics in the Guangzheng period of Shu Dynasty,the stone classics in the Jiayou period of Northern Song Dynasty,the stone classics in the Shaoxing period of Southern Song Dynasty,and the stone classics in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty,we can call them the "Seven Dynasties' Stone Classics".In addition to the stone sutra of the seven dynasties,there are also large number of stone carvings of single or single sutra fragments.The study of these stone carving of Confucian scriptures has jointly formed an independent discipline,the study of stone scriptures.The origin of the study of stone scriptures can be traced back to the Song Dynasty,and the nature of independent disciplines has really emerged in the Qing Dynasty.Since the Republic of China,the study of stone scriptures has been developing continuously.Nevertheless,the theoretical framework of the study of stone classics has not been truly formed,and the academic circle has very limited discussion on this aspect.This topic selects the stone classics of the seven dynasties as the research object,and on basis of fully absorbing the previous achievements,tries to find the commonness of the stone classics of the seven dynasties,and tries to construct a basic theoretical framework of the study of stone classics.This thesis is mainly composed of seven parts:introduction,chapter one to five and conclusion which are briefly summarized in turn.There are three sections in the introduction.The first section is on the basic conception of the subject.It briefly introduces the stone carvings of Confucian classics in ancient China,analyses the nature of the discipline of stone classics,and explains the basic conception of this subject.The second section is an overview of the seven dynasties' stone classics,it introduces the starting and ending time,number,style and location of the seven dynasties' stone classics as the research object of this topic.The third section,"Historical Review of Stone Classics Studies",combs the development of stone classics studies in the seven dynasties since the Song Dynasty,and shows the whole process of stone classics studies from its inception to perfection.The first chapter is about the carving of stone classics which has four sections.The first section is introducing the purpose of carving.Combining with the background of the carving of stone classics,the main purpose of the carving of stone classics is analyzed from two aspects:practicability and symbolism.The second section is about the details of carving,which is divided into two parts.The first part divides it into the initiator,the presenter,the collator,the scholar and the engraver according to the division of labor among the participants,and combs the relevant records of the seven dynasties' stone scriptures.The second part combs the catalogs of stone scriptures of Han and Northern Song Dynasties,and then analyses the academic motivation of the selection of the seven dynasties' stone scriptures.The third section is concerning the continuation carving of the stone sutra and introduces the basic situation of the continuation carving of Mencius in the stone sutra of Tang,Shu and Northern Song Dynasty and the continuation carving of the five chapters of Rites in the stone sutra of Southern Song Dynasty.The forth section is about the supplementary carving of stone sutras and introduces the situation of the carving of some related texts to stone sutras besides the inscriptions of stone sutras.The second chapter is on the form of the text of stone classics.It has four sections.The first section is talking about the format of the text of stone classics,which introduces the layout of stone classics texts at different levels,such as title and text,different chapters and different catalogs.The second section is on the rows and columns of the stone classics text,introduces the arrangement of stone classics texts on stones,including stratification or not,the number of lines on a single tablet,the number of words on a single line,etc.The third section is about the scripture of the text of stone classics.It combs the confusion of the characters in stone classics of Han and Wei Dynasties and the clarification process of scholars in Song Dynasty,and discusses the application of Li script in Stone classics of Tang Dynasty,whose main writing style is regular script.The fourth section is viewed on the taboo of the text of stone scriptures,combing the taboo situation of stone scriptures in past dynasties.As the official text of Confucian classics,the stone classics ' taboo is more rigorous than other documents.The study of stone classics 's taboo has important reference significance for the study of taboo system and taboo mode at that time.The third chapter is related to the origin and development of the text of stone classics and it has four sections.Section one is on the origin of the stone classics text of past dynasties.Firstly,it summarizes the background of the text of stone classics in successive dynasties,and then makes a case study of the original of the stone classics text of Shu and Qing Dynasty.Since the Northern Song Dynasty,scholars think that the stone classics text of Shu Dynasty come from the stone classics of Tang Dynasty.By collating the existing remnants of Mao Shi of Song rubbings and the early handwritten version in Dunhuang documents,we can find that the original text of Mao Shi in stone classics of Shu Dynasty should be a combined writing version with annotations of Tang Dynasty.The carving edition of the stone classics of Qing Dynasty is the thirteen classics of Jiang Heng's handwriting,but few people pay attention to the original edition of Jiang Heng's handwriting.By collating the early literature records,we can find that the original of Jiang Heng's handwriting did not come from the text system with annotations and explanations,but from the popular reading edition at that time.The second section is on the description of scriptures which introduces the description of stone classics in the bibliographies after the Tang Dynasty.Section three is on the dissemination of stone classics which introduces the role of copying,spreading,carving,engraving,photocopying and other forms in the dissemination of stone classics.The fourth section is talking about the collection of text of stone classics,first outlines the current situation of the collection of the stone classics of the seven dynasties,and then makes a case study of the spread of the Mao Shi scriptures of stone classics of Shu Dynasty,in which the relationship between the various copies of the stone classics of Shu Dynasty produced in the Qing Dynasty is discussed in detail.The fourth chapter is concerning on the changing of stone classics which is consist of three sections.The first section is on the stone classics' naming,combing the name of stone classics in the seven dynasties.The second section is on the existence and destruction of classics stones,combing the status of the existence and destruction of the stone scriptures of seven dynasties since their birth.The third section is about the modification of stone classics,discusses the grinding and repairing of stone classics,and conducts a case study of the modification of stone classics of Tang Dynasty and the grinding and improvement of stone classics of Qing Dynasty.The text of stone classics of Tang Dynasty has been revised several times before and after,combing the research results of predecessors in this respect,it can provide a basis for the use of stone classics' text of Tang Dynasty.There is a general situation of grinding and alteration of Qing Stone Classics,but previous scholars have made mistakes in their understanding of the grinding and alteration of Qianlong Stone Classics.With the help of the records of archives and the collation of rubbings,the process of grinding and alteration of stone classics of Qing Dynasty is reorganized,which provides a new reference for the study of the text of stone classics of Qing Dynasty.The fifth chapter focus on the value of stone classics and has five chapters.The first section is on the discrimination of stone classics,like other stone carvings,there are often false stele and rubbings.Discrimination of stone classics is the premise of discussing the value of stone classics.The second section is concentrated on the academic value of stone classics.The value of stone classics includes cultural relic value and academic value,among which academic value is the main value.It briefly describes the academic value of stone classics from three aspects:Confucianism,philology and calligraphy,in order to show the rich significance of stone classics research.In the conclusion part,the author part takes a step forward on the core and scope of the study of stone classics,and briefly describes the space in which stone classics has not yet been studied.