| This paper aims at combing Ying lianzhi's journalistic practice comprehensively with the triple identities of the lower Manchu flag,Catholic and famous journalists,analysing the relationship between Ying lianzhi as a journalist and French Catholic forces,as a Manchu Banner and social politics in the late Qing Dynasty,objectively and comprehensively understand the news activities' influence of Ying lianzhi under the influence of social identities such as "Catholics" and"Manchus" and historical contribution of his news thoughts in the journalism of China at that time,especially in the northern part of China.On this basis,make an objective and pertinent evalution of the journalist Ying Lianzhi.The first part explores three turning points in Ying lianzhi's life:from the lower Manchu to the Catholic Manchu,from the Catholic Manchu to the Catholic Manchu newspaperman,and from the prestigious "pride of speech" to the secluded "hermit".The three turning points of life are closely intertwined with the times,society and personality,origin and beliefs of the character,which have exerted an important influence on the news activities and ideas of Ying lianzhi.The origin of the Manchu lower-level flag people and his good personality make him pursue the way to save the hearts of the people,and thus become attached to the Catholicism of "fraternity."Being a Catholic has a great impact on the life of Ying lianzhi.Through "Yiwenlu" and other Catholic newspapers,he began to enter the press.The Sino-Japanese War and the Boxer Incident made Ying lianzhi realized the importance of reform and self-reliance,and decided to resume the reform cause which was interrupted after the 1898 coup by running newspapers.To some extent,the unique life experience determines the main content of his news activities and thoughts in founding Ta Kung pao.The second part of the article explores the news practice of Ying Lianzhi.This paper chooses the early,middle and late stages of the political reform of the Qing Dynasty,and systematically combs the attitudes and changes of Ying lianzhi in the "Anti-Russian Movement","Anti-American Treaty Movement" and "Sichuan Road Protection Movement" during the founding and hosting of Ta Kung Pao,showing the interweaving,contradictions and choices of Ying lianzhi patriotism and Manchu nationalism.After retirement,Ying lianzhi's news activities focused on publicizing Catholicism through newspapers and periodicals,defending and promoting the Sinicization of Catholicism and collecting donations for disaster relief.Through the combing of the practice activities of Ying lianzhi,it can be found that the newspaper ideal and life creed of "forgetting oneself is the greatest and selflessly serving the public" are practiced by the newspaper Practice in his life.The third part of the article first explores the relationship between Ying lianzhi and the politics of the late Qing Dynasty(the New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty,the constitutional monarchy and the monarch).Discusses in detail the public opinion propaganda of Ying lianzhi in order to promote the "Preparatory Constitutionalism" of Qing Dynasty to consolidate the rule of Qing Dynasty,and combs in detail the evolution process of Ying lianzhi's attitude towards the rule of Qing Dynasty from full of hope to gradual disappointment.It was pointed out that although Ying lianzhi was dissatisfied with the pro-noble dictatorship,he still waved banners and shouted for the preservation of the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the implementation of the constitutional monarchy after the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution,showing the strong patriarchal complex of Ying lianzhi.In the face of the dilemma of choosing between "clan" and "country",Ying lianzhi accepts the republican regime to preserve the country in accordance with the current situation,demonstrates the contradiction,struggle and final choice between clan sentiment and patriotism,and affirms Ying lianzhi's patriotic feelings.This paper also examines the relationship between Ying lianzhi and the French Catholic forces(including the French Catholic Church and its closely related French consulates)and their evolution.investigates Ying lianzhi's ingenious use of French Catholic forces during the founding of Ta Kung Pao,the short honeymoon period between the two sides at the beginning of the publication of Ta Kung Pao,the conflict between Ying lianzhi and French Catholic forces soon after the publication of the newspaper,and the detailed process of getting rid of the control of French Catholic forces at last,showing that the newspapermen in the late Qing Dynasty,under the dual pressure of the ruling group and the foreign forces,used all favorable factors for themselves to realize the newspaper ideal of "saving the nation by speech"and the status quo of seeking survival in constant adjustment,balance and trade-offs.Finally,it studies the relationship between Ying lianzhi and the 1911 Revolution and Republican Republic,examines Ying lianzhi's relationship and attitude change to the 1911 Revolution and the Democratic regime,presents the change process of Ying lianzhi's attitude during the period from the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution to the proclamation of the founding of the Republic of China,and analyses the reasons.The fourth part focuses on the study of Ying lianzhi's journalistic thoughts.This paper analyses the three sources of Ying lianzhi's news thought and probes into Ying lianzhi's characteristic news thought from the aspects of news function,freedom,news ontology and news editing thought.On this basis,it concludes Ying lianzhi's news practice centered on "political salvation and the continuation of the imperial court";The independent spirit of journalism of"serving the society and guiding the people first" and the ideological characteristics of journalism pursued with the purpose of "benevolence,unity and transformation of people's hearts".Through a comprehensive analysis of Ying lianzhi's life experience,news activities and news thoughts,this paper holds that Ying lianzhi is a patriotic journalist who advocates self-reliance and rejuvenation in the face of foreign aggression;a progressive journalist who promotes constitutional monarchy under the feudal autocratic environment;a religious journalist who is confused and helpless to "concentrate on educating the people" with the help of Catholicism;a wise journalist who was emotionally loyal to the Qing Dynasty but not against the democratic and Republican trend,he should have a corresponding historical position in the history of modern Chinese Journalism. |
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