The Logical Process Of Kant's Religious Philosophy

Under the turn of European modern epistemology,the logical process of Kant's religious philosophy shows Kant's lifelong thinking on the relationship between self and God.Moreover,because ontology has been played by Christian theology since the Middle Ages in Europe,metaphysics is to a large extent theological metaphysics.Through his critical examination of self's cognitive abilities and mind's abilities,Kant strictly identifies God,which is understood by people with discursive cognition,and tries to defend people's beliefs while criticizing traditional theological metaphysics,while also trying to lay the foundation of metaphysics again.In the pre-critical period,Kant,although initially aware of the defects of the theory of epistemology and existentialism of the Leibniz-Wolfe school,is still unable to get rid of the traditional idea of transcendental realism centered on God's cognition and makes his own proof of God.Kant finds that the traditional theorists tried to make proof of God's existence according to the law of contradiction,but in this way they either came up with an absolute inevitable existence of the concept,or made the mistake of four nouns.To this end,Kant in the "A New elucidation" amends Leibniz's sufficient reason law into the law of the determining ground,and gave his own ontological proof;“Evidence” also continues this model of argumentation.At the same time,Kant,though not advocating that we have intuitive reason,thinks that God can have this ability,so Kant advocates a transcendental realism.At the same time,Kant also criticizes the mystical spiritualism,and puts forward the division of the material world and the spiritual world,which is the source of the division between the two worlds in the critical period.Hume finally wakes Kant from the fog of rationalist dogmatism,and he carries out the "Copernicus Revolution" in philosophy,and put forward the transcendental idealism.The critique to self's cognitive abilities allows Kant to limit the cognitive object to our a priori form of sensible intuition,and ultimately to the determination of understanding's conceptions,and the center of cognition shifts from object to self.In this kind of discursive human beings' cognition,although human beings can form pure rational knowledge of God,but can not form empirical knowledge,because we do not have the corresponding intuition with the concept of God.At the same time,because of the nature of the intentional activity of discursive cognition,Kant's critical philosophy left a dilemma of affection.It is on the basis of the principle of transcendental idealism that on one hand,Kant criticizes the traditional proof of ontology,cosmological proof and natural theological proof of God,as well as the proof of God in his former critical period,and,on the other hand,Kant believes that although they have no theoretical objectivity,the ideas of God,freedom and soul immortality have the objective reality in practice,thus,a moral theology can be established.It is in this moral theology as a rational religionthat Kant gives his own moral teleological proof.But this proof actually makes the mistake of circular argument,which proves that the unconditionality of the moral law is difficult to be defended.After his "transformation of aesthetic",Kant solves the difficult problems in rational religion from the perspective of revealed religion.In the symbolic knowledge of Kant's revelation religion,the rational idea God is intuitionalized into aesthetic idea God,and obtains the absolute givenness,which not only finally solves the pending problem of affection in Kant's philosophy,but also makes the moral law be intuitionalized into the sacred commandment that makes people obey unconditionally,and gives people a strong moral force to carry out moral practice.In Kant's moral religion,these two perspectives of rational religion and reveled religion are two ways for Kant to think about the same thing from the bottom up and top down.They are inseparable: only those who exert their free will to make moral efforts can realize their spiritual nature and the aesthetic idea of God reveals to him,he therefore accepted the grace of God with his own passivity.To achieve the realization of the aesthetic idea God,Kant's religious philosophy finally went to the phenomenological ontology.