Research On Li Bai's Poetic Collection GuFeng(59 Poems)

Li Bai's poetic collection Gufeng(59 poems)are characterized by tenderness,honesty,simplicity,purity,truthfulness,elegance and justice.Among Li Bai's great works handed from generation to generation,this collection has a generally unified style,comprises of more poems and presents special characteristics.It differs from Li Bai's leading unconstrained and elegant poems in all aspects such as proposition,conception,theme expression,dissemination,recognition and text evolution.Li Bai attached great importance to Gufeng,during the creation of which,he had an ambition to "write books and establish theories,in order that they could maintain their splendour for thousands of generations."Despite Li Bai's great concern and its original significant implications for his poems,the true value of Gufeng was detected a little late.This collection was rarely studied for almost 300 years from Li Bai's creation in the Tang Dynasty to the uncovering of its true value by Zhu Xi who was a poem of the Southern Song dynasty.It is also a weakness of contemporary and modern studies on Li Bai.Thus,it is the start point of this study.In the part of Introduction,meanings of the topic,research status,ideas and methods are summarized.First of all,scope of the topic and options of editions are defined.Secondly,ages are divided into the late Qing dynasty.Importance is particularly attached to review research status in ancient times and modern/contemporary times and problems of existing studies are summed up.Meanwhile,other research findings on the topic of this paper are clarified.Thirdly,research ideas and methods are elaborated.This paper is divided into lower and upper versions.The upper version focuses on explaining concepts,origin,dissemination,recognition,quantitative analysis on editions,text interpretation and key sections.The lower version focuses on notes,interpretations and comments afresh based on fundamental research methods of disciplines such as exegetics and textual criticism.Thus,the lower and upper versions support each other organically with their investigation,demonstration and collected explanations.By interpreting key sections and examining related issues,this paper chooses "elegance,justic" and "vintage" as keywords.In close combination with subjects that Li Bai created for similar poems,studied Gufeng in depth in diachronic and synchronic.The upper version comprises of six sections.The first four sections are reckoned as a whole.In each of these sections,Gufeng is generally discussed from different perspectives based on the focus.Section 1 focuses on defining concepts of Gufeng.It clarifies confusing concepts of "ancient style","ancient irony","ancient poem" and"traditional-style poem" in a broad sense,in a narrow sense and from a specific perspective.In particular,it analyses concepts of"Gufeng-style poems" put forward by contemporary scholars,in order to better identify research scope and objects of this paper.Based on detailed research views on origins of Gufeng,Section 2 points out that Libai didn't write Gufeng purely after poems of certain person or type.Instead,his writing of this poem was finished by comprehensively learning from essences of various ancient poems and making innovations.As a whole,this collection is generalized to originate from "Book of Songs,Book of Odes for keeping in touch","Poetry and Sao in terms of type".In Section 3,historical dissemination and recognition of Gufeng were clarified in details.Investigate the changes to the perspectives from which Gufeng was recognized by audiences of different ages and improvement of their understanding,this section explores changes to "views on Gufeng" in each stage of that period.Besides,it presents important recipients(Yao Xuan of Northern Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi of Southern Song dynasty,Zhu Jian of Ming Dynasty),key periods(including early years of Southern Song dynasty,turn of Song and Yuan dynasties,middle of Qing Dynasty),and critical texts(such as Tang Wen Cui,Annotations on Li Bai's Poems and Yaotai Fenglu)in multiple dimensions,in order to find out diachronic clues from Tang and Song dynasties to Ming and Qing dynasties when similar poems were comprehensively recognized in depth.Section 4 investigates selected editions of Li Bai's poems and Tang poetry.Overall selected numbers of Gufeng and selection frequency of key single poems are quantitatively analyzed and examined in multiple dimensions.Important editions which don't arouse great concerns of academic circle such as editorial standards for Li Shi Wei and editors' concepts are expounded.Sections 5 is an overall investigation of the existing problems in Gufeng.Each section focuses on discussing a problem.Part 1 of Section 5 introduces the origin of names of 59 poems of Gufeng and historical evolution of their editions.In part 2 of this section,the earliest existing editions of Song Dynasty,Xian Chun's and Yang Xiao' s editions are investigated to summarize,classify and comparatively analyze text differences among 59 poems of Gufeng,in order to discuss their causes.Subsequently,the changes of texts in Li Bai's poems from running texts to stable texts during early dissemination are investigated.In parts 3 to 5,three likelihoods in early creation of Gufeng are examined one by one,and general time of creation of each poem in that collection is inferred.The order of poems in the collection is disrupted.Based on the diachronic,59 poems are ranked in order.Next,another 28 poems which are quite similar to these 59 poems are categorized as"Gufeng-style poems" and resequenced.Overall inspect and inference who was the most likely to name Gufeng,Section 6 expounds key parts of Gufeng.These parts don't receive the most attention among the editions spread over generations in a non-traditional sense or selected most frequently.Instead,problems may be discovered from these parts in interpretations of the lower version,reflect problems with Gufeng from certain perspective,inspire thoughts and arouse deep thinking.For instance,part 1 discusses disorderliness of texts in Xi Yue Lian Hua Shan and Xi Wo You Qi Du.Part 2,starting with special and typical images of"3 white birds"mentioned in Yao Yi Shuang Bai Ou and Yi Ze Ge Shang Bai Jiu Fu Wu Ci,discusses Li Bai's temporary subversion and reshaping of images in poetic creations.Part 3 focuses on poetic concepts.In this part,"purity and simplicity" of Da Ya Jiu Bu Zuo,"naivety" of Chou Nv Lai Xiao Pin,and "trueness" of Song Guo Wu Tai Dong are compared with "untruthfulness"proposed in Xi Wei Liu Jue Ju to discuss Li Bai's knowledge about "real" meanings of poetic concepts in his Gufeng from different perspectives.Problems in other key poems are explained in the form of "comments" in interpreting single poems in the lower version.The lower version focuses on notes,interpretations and comments on poetic collection Gufeng(59 poems).It introduces styles and general comments.Six parts of each poem,including explanatory notes,chronicles,proofreading,annotations,comments and notes,are discussed.Trifles of each part are explained in combination with "notes",and the introduction of each poem ends with "notes".All views in comments on each poem over past dynasties are evaluated and judged.New viewpoints may be presented in the form of "notes" if any such as issues regarding subject of Da Ya Jiu Bu Zuo,year for writing Chan Chu Bo Tai Qing,and antistrophe of familiar allusion indicating that "peaches and plums do not have to talk,but the world beats a path to them" in Shi Dao Ri Jiao Sang.In Li Bai's poems,there are many different versions with annotations,including ancient versions adapted by Yang Xiao's edition and Wang Qi's edition and so on before the late Qing Dynasty.In addition,there are proofread,commented and chronic versions written by Qu Tuiyuan,Zhu Jincheng,Zhan Ying,An Qi and Yu Xianhao and so on in contemporary and modern times.Li Bai's poems are masterpieces,so it is really hard to seek further innovations or novelties.To annotate Gufeng again,apart from drawing lessons from all existing annotated versions the author has read,this paper makes every effort to search all complete Li Bai's poems and selected versions of Gufeng in ancient and contemporary times,in order to not neglect anything that shouldn't be ignored.The editions which have rarely attracted predecessors' attention such as Li Shi Wei adapted by Ying Shi and Ding Guyun of Ming Dynasty haven't been included in editions studied by scholars until recent years like Yao Tai Feng Lu written by Ji Fu in late Qing Dynasty.Great importance is attached to these editions,in an attempt to fill up gaps in predecessors' studies.