Arrangement And Research On Bronze Vessels Of Vassal States In The Middle And Lower Reaches Of The Yellow River During The Western Zhou Dynasty

This paper is mainly to carry a study on bronzes of the vassal countries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Western Zhou Dynasty from the following three levels.Firstly,the discussion of the political and geographical environment of the region.It attempts to clarify the relationship between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the vassal states through archaeological and bibliographic data.The second is to systematically analyze the bronze wares of the vassal countries with rich bronze materials,and clarify the development and evolution,combination and style characteristics of each vassal state.The third is to conduct a comparative analysis of the cultural factors of the bronzes of the vassal states,to explore the cultural differences between the various vassal states and between the regions,and to reveal the reasons for the regional differences.The main findings and conclusions are summarized below:Firstly,Analysis of the political geography of the vassal states in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Western Zhou Dynasty are located in the hinterland of the Central Plains,and the geographical position is quite special.From the perspective of the natural environment,the region has a variety of landforms and mountains and rivers.It has been the hinterland of Chinese millet farming culture since ancient times and is an ideal place for human life at that time.From the perspective of political environment,the area is not only the power center of the Zhou Dynasty,but also the lain distribution area of the vassal state.Outside the Wang Tao,especially the tributary of the Yellow River and the piedmont plains of the Taihang Mountains are the most important,which is an important distribution of the Western Zhou Dynasty.In the district,the country of Ji,represented by Jin,Wei,and Xing,became an important base for the Zhou Dynasty to operate the"Northern Land".Secondly.the analysis of the bronze wares of the vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Weihe Valley.The bronze wares of the vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Weihe Valley are close to the Wangji area,regardless of the shape,ornamentation or combination form,which reflects the unity of the Western Zhou culture in the Central Plains.The region has also unearthed the types and shapes that are not found in other regions,reflecting the innovation of the region.The unity and innovation of culture laid the foundation for the high prosperity of the bronzes in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.Thirdly,the analysis of the bronze wares of the princes of the Taihang Mountains in the west.The number of bronzes in the area is small,but according to the current data analysis,the bronzes of the vassal countries in the region,especially the bronzes of the Li country,are the same as the Zhou royal family in terms of shape,ornamentation and inscriptions.This has a lot to do with the Western Zhou Dynasty.Fourthly,the Taihang Shandong dynasty vassal state bronze ware analysis.From the analysis of the combination of utensils,the bronze rituals unearthed in Yan,Xing,Wei and other areas are the same as those in the same period.While the early Western Zhou Dynasty tombs attached importance to the food,they retained more wine vessels.As far as the bronzes of Xing,Wei and Yan are concerned,the particularity of Yan Guo is more obvious.Fifthly.Comparative study of bronzes in the vassal state.The bronze culture between the Ji and the vassal states in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River also maintains a trend of greater comnonality than personality.However,the commonality between the Wei,Shandong,and Xing countries of the Taihang Mountains is far greater than their commonality with the Jin State.Or related to historical evolution,geographical environment and ethnic composition.Sixthly.Analysis of the cultural factors of bronzes in the vassal state.During the Western Zhou Dynasty,the special organs of the tributary countries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River mainly appeared in the early and middle stages of the Western Zhou Dynasty and in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.The cultural factors mainly included the traditional culture of the Central Plains.the culture of Rongdi.and the culture of Aboriginal culture.Although the cultural composition of each period is different,the traditional culture of the Central Plains Has always been in the main position.It should be noted that apalt firom the traditional cultural factors of the Central Plains,the other sources of bronze culture factors in the vassal states aire slightly different.Among them,the patriarchal bronzes in the Weihe Valley are mostly derived from indigenous culture,while the cultural factors of the vassal countries in the two wings of the Taihang Mountains are relatively compared.Pure,no indigenous culture.In addition,the northern grassland culture occupies a certain proportion in the Fenhe Valley.Sevevthly.Research on the cultural identity of the vassal states based on bronzes.During the Western Zhou Dynasty,the bronzes of the vassal states in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River maintained a high degree of consistency with the Wangji area.However,in the course of development,more or less special types or shapes were found in the Wangji area.There are differences in the cultural identity of the country.On the basis of the culture of the Zhou Dynasty,the Jin family was absorbed by the culture of the Zhou Dynasty and the cultural factors of the Aboriginal and Aboriginal people.While keeping the same with the Zhou Dynasty,the Van State was more proactive in innovating and more influential Culture;the Wei is more conservative and the development is relatively lagging behind.The non-Ji princes and the vassal state are all highly consistent with the Zhou royal family.The utensils with regional characteristics may be related to the indigenous culture.Eightly,bronze research in the eastern region.The Western Zhou bronzes unearthed in the eastern part of the country are dominated by weapons and horses and horses.The number of bronze rituals is not large,and the age is not later than the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty.It may be related to the eastward shift of the political center after the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty.From the current data analysis,it is not yet possible to determine the distribution of ethnic groups in the easterm part of the Western Zhou Dynasty.However,from the analysis of the bronze culture,we can be sure that at the latest in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the eastern pairt of the Wei River.especially the upper reaches of the Wei River:belongs to the control of the Zhou Dynasty.Next,as to whether it is a Wang Hao area,it remains to be discussed.Nine,conclusion.During the western Zhou dynastytthe bronze wares of the vassal stales in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River kept consistent with the development of the zhou dynasty.Although the western Zhou dynasty attempted to achieve cultural unification through "ritual system" and other means after the establishment of the state,due to the different ecological environment of each vassal state and the different historical and cultural inheritance,it was inevitable to form a specific form of regional culture corresponding to its ecological environment.At the same time.due to the relatively high autonomy of each vassal state,the regional culture centered on the capitals and major cities of each vassal state gradually formed in the long-term operation of each vassal state.