| Undoubtedly,the translation of foreign literature is a sustained and huge cultural project in China,especially in Late Qing dynasty and the republic of China.This era is the historic period of Large-scale translation of foreign literature and culture which following the Wei-jin period.As an unprecedented historic period of Chinese cultural transformation,the intellectuals were more self-beware and had more subjectivity than ever before.The intensive translation of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe wasn't an accidental event,but full of typical cultural significance.Thus,this thesis takes the Chinese translations of Robinson Crusoe which generated during Late Qing and the republic of China as the object of study,supplemented by the adaptions of Robinson Crusoe in the mass media,to discuss the spirit of the times and the internal restricting force of Chinese traditional culture contained in the texts,to describe the history of modernity that the translations of Robinson Crusoe experienced,and the ultimate goal is to explore the subjective construction power highlighted by the intellectual elite in the bidirectional requirements of the spirit of the times and cultural tradition.We may answer the questions such as how the foreign literature came into China,how they got a fusion with the Chinese literature tradition through the study of this thesis.Meanwhile,it is also enlightening to the study of the subjective power exerted in the translation of literary canons by the intelligentsia.In other words,this thesis is the microcosmic interpretation of how Chinese culture "melt" western cultural in the integration of Chinese and Western culture,on the other hand,it can be considered as the proof of the large cultural text(term of Kristeva).In brief,this thesis aims to seek the active and creative strength between the integration of Chinese and Western culture,it is also a preliminary attempt to study the intellectual history of translation literature.This thesis consists of four chapters.Chapter one is the observation and description of Robinson Crusoe's main spreading aspect during the Late Qing and the republic of China.It contains three sections,first,the juvenile and popular tendency in the Late Qing translations.Second,the separation and fusion of enlightenment and entertainment functions of Robinson Crusoe during the republic of China.Third,the journey of The Swiss family Robinson during the republic of China.The significance of this chapter is,it points out the translations of Late Qing and the republic of China has already laid the foundation of Robinson Crusoe's spread face in the future China:an entertaining children's book as the initial then the developing stage of Robinson Crusoe's"Sinicization".Chapter two discusses the "creative treason" of Robinson Crusoe by the intellectual circle during the above historical stage from the perspective of national character transformation.It has three parts.First,Robinson Crusoe's "slip into" and the martial tendency in Late Qing translations.Second,the transformation of national body in the translations.Third,the imagination of individual freedom in the translations.It will reflect the relationship between spirit of the time and translation variation.Chapter three aims to discuss the deep melting of Robinson Crusoe by the Chinese cultural tradition.It discusses from the following three sections.First,"Self-improvement",and its manifestation in the translations of Robinson Crusoe.Second,"travel at ease" and the transcendent spirit in the translations.Third," sentimental" and the lyrical aspects of the translations.This Chapter is mainly based on Chinese cultural tradition,it embodies the powerful forces of the deep structure of Chinese cultural tradition in the"Sinicization" of Robinson Crusoe.Chapter four is the further study which based on the first three chapters,it is a concise and a reflection on its limits of the subjective construction which carried out by the intellectuals.There are also three sections.First,the shaping of "radical" character.Second,the ethical construction of free character.Third,the bidirectional construction of sensibility and reason.All these above four chapters committed to study the "Sinicization" of Robinson Crusoe in a multi-dimensions way.The final conclusion is,there was an all-important history and cultural proposition,that is,the continuous imagination and construction of modern new citizens mainly by the Late Qing and the republic of China intellectuals and secondarily by the mass culture,the latter either echoed or resisted,together the two painted a colorful picture of Robinson Crusoe's Sinicization.This cultural construction action is not only a cultural assumption but also a cultural practice.Although it ended up with an unfinished ending,such as,the integration of the individual into the grand project of nation-state construction,the character of individual freedom was expropriated by the main body of the state,the fusion of perceptual experience and rational spirit was reduced to a state of form or cared for one and lost the other.Nevertheless,all these constructions are meaningful.Its values not only in its exploring for ideal individual,but also points to the vital part,namely,the new subjectivity's harmony and unity as cultural modernity.This is a far-sighted activity,it is the common problems of mankind in its time,at present and even in the future.In short,it pointed to a universal problem,what is the ideal subject person?Thus,in the last part of the thesis,the author extends the problem further from the following three aspects:the transmission face of"constancy" and "variability",the possibilities of subjectivity construction then the literary inquiry.It tries to make a preliminary discussion on the propagation of Robinson Crusoe in contemporary China,to explore the possibilities of its subject construction in current China,and to make an initial analysis of its role in modern and contemporary Chinese literature due to Robinson Crusoe's literary nature.The ultimate goal of this section is to examine its historical significance and contemporary value.In general,this thesis is a creative study of Robinson Crusoe.Differ from regarding Chinese culture as the passive receiver,this thesis establishes the theoretical framework of "Sinicization",provides a fresh perspective to the study of Robinson Crusoe,and it also a concrete case study and demonstration for the academic circle to reflect on the translation of foreign literature in China over the past hundred years.In addition,it makes some explorations in the discovery and analysis of new historical materials,such,as the relevant press materials,the Chinese children's editions,including the textbook translations and a series of project of juvenile literature are brand new ones for the study of Robinson Crusoe.Finally,it combines the Chinese translation of Robinson Crusoe in the Late Qing and republic of China with the main stream of related thoughts and cultural traditions,which is innovative in method. |
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