| Moral sensitivity refers to the ability of individuals to be acutely perceive and explain moral issues based on innate heredity and acquired moral experience.The four-component model proposed by the new Kohlberg orientation laid the theoretical foundation for moral sensitivity.Under this theoretical framework,a large number of theoretical and empirical studies on moral sensitivity have been made,and many meaningful conclusions have been reached.Less involved young children.The moral foundations theory framed the scope of moral research from the aspect of moral content,existing studies have conducted extensive research on the development of children's moral from different domains such as Caring,Fairness,Loyalty,Authority and Sanctity,but few conduct systematic research with moral sensitivity as the starting point.There are two reasons for this research dilemma.On the one hand,it may be because the definition of moral sensitivity in existing studies is not clear enough,and the lack of a unified theoretical system in terms of moral content,which leading to relatively scattered research results and difficult to form unified conclusions;On the other hand,it may be due to the lack of effective measurement tools for young children,which limits the development of young children's moral sensitivity research.Based on these issues,this research has determined the conceptual structure of moral sensitivity based on previous theoretical research,framed its content structure,and improved the theoretical system of moral sensitivity.Based on the previous classic moral sensitivity measurement tools,through the process of domain typical analysis,semantic difficulty analysis,moral violation severity analysis,items analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,reliability analysis,etc.,the children's moral sensitivity vignettes questionnaire(CMSVQ)was initially prepared;Then use this questionnaire to conduct a survey of about 1,300 people,and conduct a more in-depth and systematic research on the age,gender,and regional characteristics of moral sensitivity development in different domains such as child care,fairness,loyalty,authority,and sanctity;finally In the framework ofecological systems theory,the individual factors such as theory of mind,emotional understanding,empathy,and temperament,as well as environmental factors such as SES,family environment,etc.,which that affect moral sensitivity are discussed in depth,and the interaction mechanism between them was studied in depth.There are many meaningful results and conclusions as follows:1.After items selection and items analysis,the preliminary prepared "Children's Moral Sensitivity Vignettes Questionnaire" consisted of 28 items.After comparing the models,it was found that the 5-factor model fits well,and the second-order factor confirmatory analysis of the care dimension,the fitting indices were good.The dimensions of empathy and moral sensitivity as standard validity were significantly related,with correlation coefficients between 0.08 and 0.11.The internal consistency coefficient of each dimension of the questionnaire was between 0.76 and 0.91.After repeated measurement of the questionnaire,the correlation coefficient of each dimension was between 0.73 and 0.86.2.The repeated measurement analysis of variance in the five domains of moral sensitivity shows that the domain main effect is significant,the age main effect is significant,and the interaction between age,gender,and moral domain is significant.The repeated measurement analysis of variance was also performed on children's moral sensitivity in different regions.It shows that the domain main effect is significant,the age main effect is significant,the region main effect is significant,and the interaction between domain and age and region is significant.Simple effect analysis and post hoc comparisons show that the level of moral sensitivity in the five areas of 3-year-old children is low,but theyinitially have a certain degree of moral sensitivity in the fields of care,authority,and sanctity.Girls also have a certain degree of moral sensitivity in the fields of Fairness.The moral sensitivities in the five fields of children aged3 to 7 have increased rapidly with age,and have reached a high level at the age of 6.The age of 3 to 5 is the period of rapid development of moral sensitivity for boys,a and the age of 3 to 6 is period of rapid development of moral sensitivities for girls.At the age of 4,girls' moral sensitivities were significantly higher than boys in all five areas,and at the age of 5,boys were significantly higher than girls in the fields of care and sanctity;Between 3 and 7 years of age,the differences between various fields continue to increase with age.The development level of the three care sensitivities has basically remained as follows:physical harm>animal harm>emotional harm;At the age of 3 to 5,children's moral sensitivities were higher than those of suburban and rural children.At 6 years of age,the children's moral sensitivity was higher than that of rural children.At 7 years of age,the differences between the three regions disappeared.3.There is a correlation between the theory of mind,emotional understanding,empathy,and moral sensitivity.Emotional understanding and empathy play a chain intermediary role between the theory of mind and moral sensitivity.The direct effect from the theory of mind to moral sensitivity is 0.29,the chained mediating effect of emotional understanding and empathy is 0.12,and the amount of mediating effect is 29%;The Intellectual—Cultural orientation and Active—Recreational orientationof family environment are related tomoral sensitivity in its all dimensions.There is a correlation between SES,family environment and moral sensitivities.Family environment and empathy play a chain intermediary role between SES and moral sensitivities.The direct effect of SES to moral sensitivities is 0.19;the chained mediating effect is 0.03,the amount of intermediary effect is 14%;the moral sensitivity of children with easy temperament is higher than that of children with difficult temperament.Temperament has a moderating role in the influence of family environment on moral sensitivity,specifically as the moderating role of activity in the influence of active—recreational orientation on moral sensitivity.For low-activity children,family entertainment can significantly predict their moral sensitivity.but for highly active children,active—recreational orientation has no significant prediction of its moral sensitivity.In summary,research shows that the reliability and validity of thechildren's moral sensitivity vignettes questionnairemeets the requirements of psychometrics.Children's moral sensitivities increase rapidly with age,and the development trajectories of children's moral sensitivities in different fields,different regions,and genders are different.Individual factors such as theory of mind,emotional understanding,empathy,and environmental factors such as SES and family environment will have an interactive effect on the development of children's moral sensitivity.Temperament regulates the role of family environment on moral sensitivity. |
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